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MDA 125 Study Guide
Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the order of draw in tube colors? | Yellow, Red, Light Blue, Tiger Top, Green, Lavender, Gray |
| What are the additives in each color tube? | Yellow: SPS Red: None Light Blue: Sodium Citrate (anticoagulant) Tiger Top: Clot Activator Dark Green: Sodium or Lithium Heparin Lavender: EDTA Gray: Sodium Fluoride/Calcium Oxylate |
| What are the tests drawn for each color tube? | Yellow: Blood Cultures Red: Therapeutic Drug Levels, Titers Light Blue: PT, PTT Tiger: Chemistries, Organ Function, Lipids, Hormones, Vitamin D Green: Magnesium, Blood Ph, Blood Gas Lavender: CBC, HCT, HGB, WBC, RBC, Platelet, ESR Gray: Glucose |
| Basic unit of measurement for metric system: Volume Weight | Volume: Liters Weight: Grams |
| How long can a tourniquet be left on before a blood draw? | Less than one minute |
| What main color is the gram stain? | Gram stain positive: Purple/Violet Gram Stain negative: Pink |
| What color do gram stain positive bacteria turn? | Purple |
| Is iron needed to make hemoglobin? | Yes |
| What can cause a hematoma to form? | Leaving the tourniquet on too long, wrong size needle for vein |
| How do you prepare a blood smear? | 1 drop of whole blood on a slide. Use another slide to smear the blood into a feather effect at end of smear. |
| What good can happen of using rapid test kits? | Faster results Ability to prescribe antibiotics faster Reliable/Inexpensive |
| List some things you can do as a phlebotomist that can make a vein "pop up" | Use heat Palpate Tourniquet BP cuff Pt make fist Arm below heart |
| What can do if you don't invert your tubes right away? | A microclot can form. |
| Why is a microclot bad? | Because the additive won't get mixed in with the blood and then the test is ruined |
| What are the three main cell types and what are their functions? | WBC/Leukocyte: Fight Infection RBC/Erythrocyte: Carry oxygen Platelet/Thrombocyte: Aid in clotting |
| What is the normal range for thrombocyte/platelet? | 200,000-400,000 |
| Why do we wipe away the first drop of capillary blood? | So there are no tissue fluids in the test |
| What do you do if you poke someone's finger and no blood comes out? | Apply steady pressure at the first knuckle. Gently reapply pressure if a puncture starts to clot. Repoke of necessary |
| What is the most common test for a tube with EDTA? | EDTA=Lavender Most common test: CBC |
| What are dermatocytes? | Pathogens that affect the hair, skin and nails Examples: Ringworm, Pediculosis |
| Your patient comes in to see the doctor because s/he is not feeling well. The doc wants a blood culture X2 and wants to prescribe antibiotic. When should you collect the test? | Before the pt takes the antibiotic prescribed. |
| When doing a throat culture, where do you swab? | back of the throat, tonsils, and anywhere you see white patches. Do NOT swab the tongue, cheek or gums |
| What is the very first thing you should do what you prepare a patient for a blood draw? | Greet them and set them at ease. Communicate. |
| What is equal to 0 degrees Celsius? | 32 Degrees F |
| If anything goes wrong during a blood draw, what is the first thing you should do? | Pop the tourniquet. |
| What can happen if the tourniquet is left on too long? | It can cause hemoconcentration |
| What can happen if hemoconcentration occurs? | Hemolysis |
| What is hemolysis? | Rupturing of RBC during collection |
| How is TB detected? | Acid Fast stain |
| What is the most common form of antiseptic used for blood draws? | Alcohol |
| How do we describe a HCT test? | % of packed RBC in a given amount of blood |
| Why do we test HCT? | Check for anemia |
| What is post exposure prophylaxis | Medication you take after being exposed to a dirty needle stick |
| What do you do if you've been stuck by a dirty needle? | Safety the needle, wash your hands, tend to your PT, tell your supervisor |
| What is a really important vitamin for the clotting process? | Vitamin K |
| What can cause anemia? | Renal failure, malabsorption, Vit K deficiency, sickle cell |
| What is hemolytic anemia? | an autoimmune disease that causes the body to destroy it's own RBC |
| What color stopper evacuation tube is used for coagulation testing? | Light Blue |
| Name two tests that check for coagulation | PT, PTT |
| If you perform a hemoglobin test, would you say it could tell you the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood? | Yes |
| What can cause hemolysis in a blood sample to occur? | Leaving the tourniquet on too long, too large of a needle, bevel down, not all the way in the vein |
| What are normal ranges for ESR in male/female | Male: 0-10 Female: 0-20 |
Created by:
JDenning8984
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