Respiratory Reverse Defs
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| cystic fibrosis | a hereditary disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands
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| diaphragm | a large muscle located between the chest and the abdominal wall
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| rhonchus | abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway
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| crackle | abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale
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| anoxia | absence of oxygen in the tissues
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| anosmia | absence of the sense of smell
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| pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure
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| corticosteriods | act on the immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions
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| pertussis | acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound; also called whooping cough
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| coryza | acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called head cold or upper respiratory infection
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| sputum | an abnormal viscous fluid formed in the lower respiratory tract that often contains blood, pus, and bacteria
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| tuberculosis (tb) | an infectious disease caused by inhaling viable tubercle bacilli
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| pneumonia | an inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, disease, chemicals, etc.
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| stethoscope | an instrument used in auscultation
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| tonsillotome | an instrument used to cut the tonsils
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| antihistamines | block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues
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| pulmonary embolism | blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter
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| hemothorax | blood in the chest cavity
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| histamines | body substances that dilate blood vessels, causing swelling and inflammation in nasal passages
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| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi
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| atelectasis | collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung
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| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural cavity
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| adenoids | collection of lymphatic tissue within the nasopharynx
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| palatine tonsils | collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx
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| croup (CROOP) | common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and, sometimes, lungs
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| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months of age; also called crib death
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| asphyxia | condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
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| hypercapnia | condition of an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| hemoptysis | condition of spitting up blood
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| respiratory system | consists of organs that are responsible for the breathing process. It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide at a cellular level
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| decongestants | constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air c an pass more freely through the passageways
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| antibiotics | destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria by disrupting their membranes or one or more of the metabolic process
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| dysphonia | difficulty in speaking; hoarseness
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| dyspnea | difficulty breathing
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| pneumonconiosis | disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust, stone dust, iron dust, and asbestos particles
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| deviated nasal septum | displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and, sometimes, nosebleed
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| finger clubbing | enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease
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| pleura effusion | excess of fluid in the pleural cavity
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| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids
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| pneumectomy | excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer
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| pleurectomy | excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal pleura
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| eupnea | good breathing
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| cilia | hairlike structures
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| stridor | high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway
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| hyperpnea | increased breathing, deeper than normal
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| sinusitis | inflammation of a sinus
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis
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| pharyngoscope | instrument used to view the throat
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| Mantoux test | intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen
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| expectorants | liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes
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| aerosol therapy | lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medications in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways
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| sweat test | measurement of the amount of salt in sweat
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| postural drainage | method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs
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| sputum culture | microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias
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| computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) | minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries
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| mucous membrane | moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment; also called mucosa
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| stenosis | narrowing or constriction
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| epistaxis | nasal hemorrhage, also called nosebleed
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| oximetry | noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry
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| nares | nostrils
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| ventilation-perfusion (VQ) scan | nuclear scan that evaluates both airflow and blood flow in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs; also called VQ lung scan
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| hypoxemia | oxygen deficiency in arterial blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment
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| hypoxia | oxygen deficiency in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment
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| lobular | pertaining to a lobe
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| throacic | pertaining to the chest area
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| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs
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| spirometry | PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air
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| endotracheal intubation | procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
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| tachypnea | rapid breathing
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| antitussives | relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain
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| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all
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| orthopnea | respiratory condition of discomfort breathing in any but an erect or standing position
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| pleura | serous membrane which envelops the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity
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| epiglottitis | sever, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age
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| sleep apnea | sleeping disorder in wich breathing stops repeatedly for more than 10 seconds, causing measurable blood deoxygenation
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| bronchioles | smaller branches of the bronchi
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| bronchodilators | stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased air flow
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| tracheostomy | surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
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| thoracentesis | surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis
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| septoplasty | surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures
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| pH | symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
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| carbon dioxide (CO2) | tasteless, colourless, odourless gas produced by body cells during the meobolism
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| oxygen (O2) | tasteless, odourless, colourless gas essential for human respiration
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| apnea | temporary loss of breathing
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| polysomnography | test of sleep cycles & stages using continuous recordings of brain waves electrical activity of muscles eye movement respiratory rate blood pressure blood O2 saturation heart rhythm n sumx direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera
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| arterial blood gas (ABG) | test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
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| throat culture | test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
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| visceral pleura | the innermost layer lying next to the lung
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| parietal pleura | the outermost layer, lining the thoracic cavity
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| nasopharynx | the portion of the pharynx above the soft palate and behind the nose
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| percussion | the process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size or consistency of an underlying structure
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| auscultation | the process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest with the use of a stethoscope
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| mediastinum | the space between the right and left lung, which contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, and the bronchi
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| bronchi | the two branches off the trachea which lead to the right and left lungs
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| serous membrane | thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa
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| alveoli | tiny air sacs within the lungs; resembling small balloons
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| diffuse | to move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces
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| cartilage | tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone
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| pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the aveolocapillary membrane
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| bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor
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| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx to detect tumours, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities
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| mediastinoscopy | visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes
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| larynx | voice box, responsible for sound production
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| septum | wall dividing two cavities
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| antral lavage | washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management
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| wheeze | whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway
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| trachea | windpipe. cartilaginous tube which extends from the larynx to the bronchial tubes
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