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Respiratory Reverse Defs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cystic fibrosis | a hereditary disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands |
| diaphragm | a large muscle located between the chest and the abdominal wall |
| rhonchus | abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway |
| crackle | abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale |
| anoxia | absence of oxygen in the tissues |
| anosmia | absence of the sense of smell |
| pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure |
| corticosteriods | act on the immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions |
| pertussis | acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound; also called whooping cough |
| coryza | acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called head cold or upper respiratory infection |
| sputum | an abnormal viscous fluid formed in the lower respiratory tract that often contains blood, pus, and bacteria |
| tuberculosis (tb) | an infectious disease caused by inhaling viable tubercle bacilli |
| pneumonia | an inflammatory disease of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, disease, chemicals, etc. |
| stethoscope | an instrument used in auscultation |
| tonsillotome | an instrument used to cut the tonsils |
| antihistamines | block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues |
| pulmonary embolism | blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter |
| hemothorax | blood in the chest cavity |
| histamines | body substances that dilate blood vessels, causing swelling and inflammation in nasal passages |
| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi |
| atelectasis | collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung |
| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural cavity |
| adenoids | collection of lymphatic tissue within the nasopharynx |
| palatine tonsils | collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx |
| croup (CROOP) | common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and, sometimes, lungs |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months of age; also called crib death |
| asphyxia | condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen |
| hypercapnia | condition of an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hemoptysis | condition of spitting up blood |
| respiratory system | consists of organs that are responsible for the breathing process. It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide at a cellular level |
| decongestants | constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air c an pass more freely through the passageways |
| antibiotics | destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria by disrupting their membranes or one or more of the metabolic process |
| dysphonia | difficulty in speaking; hoarseness |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| pneumonconiosis | disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust, stone dust, iron dust, and asbestos particles |
| deviated nasal septum | displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and, sometimes, nosebleed |
| finger clubbing | enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease |
| pleura effusion | excess of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids |
| pneumectomy | excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer |
| pleurectomy | excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal pleura |
| eupnea | good breathing |
| cilia | hairlike structures |
| stridor | high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway |
| hyperpnea | increased breathing, deeper than normal |
| sinusitis | inflammation of a sinus |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis |
| pharyngoscope | instrument used to view the throat |
| Mantoux test | intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen |
| expectorants | liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes |
| aerosol therapy | lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medications in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways |
| sweat test | measurement of the amount of salt in sweat |
| postural drainage | method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs |
| sputum culture | microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias |
| computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) | minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries |
| mucous membrane | moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment; also called mucosa |
| stenosis | narrowing or constriction |
| epistaxis | nasal hemorrhage, also called nosebleed |
| oximetry | noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry |
| nares | nostrils |
| ventilation-perfusion (VQ) scan | nuclear scan that evaluates both airflow and blood flow in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs; also called VQ lung scan |
| hypoxemia | oxygen deficiency in arterial blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment |
| hypoxia | oxygen deficiency in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment |
| lobular | pertaining to a lobe |
| throacic | pertaining to the chest area |
| pulmonary | pertaining to the lungs |
| spirometry | PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air |
| endotracheal intubation | procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| antitussives | relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all |
| orthopnea | respiratory condition of discomfort breathing in any but an erect or standing position |
| pleura | serous membrane which envelops the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity |
| epiglottitis | sever, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age |
| sleep apnea | sleeping disorder in wich breathing stops repeatedly for more than 10 seconds, causing measurable blood deoxygenation |
| bronchioles | smaller branches of the bronchi |
| bronchodilators | stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased air flow |
| tracheostomy | surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis |
| septoplasty | surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures |
| pH | symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance |
| carbon dioxide (CO2) | tasteless, colourless, odourless gas produced by body cells during the meobolism |
| oxygen (O2) | tasteless, odourless, colourless gas essential for human respiration |
| apnea | temporary loss of breathing |
| polysomnography | test of sleep cycles & stages using continuous recordings of brain waves electrical activity of muscles eye movement respiratory rate blood pressure blood O2 saturation heart rhythm n sumx direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera |
| arterial blood gas (ABG) | test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood |
| throat culture | test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci |
| visceral pleura | the innermost layer lying next to the lung |
| parietal pleura | the outermost layer, lining the thoracic cavity |
| nasopharynx | the portion of the pharynx above the soft palate and behind the nose |
| percussion | the process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size or consistency of an underlying structure |
| auscultation | the process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest with the use of a stethoscope |
| mediastinum | the space between the right and left lung, which contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, and the bronchi |
| bronchi | the two branches off the trachea which lead to the right and left lungs |
| serous membrane | thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa |
| alveoli | tiny air sacs within the lungs; resembling small balloons |
| diffuse | to move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces |
| cartilage | tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone |
| pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the aveolocapillary membrane |
| bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor |
| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx to detect tumours, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities |
| mediastinoscopy | visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes |
| larynx | voice box, responsible for sound production |
| septum | wall dividing two cavities |
| antral lavage | washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management |
| wheeze | whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway |
| trachea | windpipe. cartilaginous tube which extends from the larynx to the bronchial tubes |
Created by:
deyoht_kwa
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