Cardiovascular Words & Reverse Defs
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| anastomosis | surgical attachment of one end of a hollow structure to another end
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| angina | intermittent chest pain, usually short duration
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| angiorraphy | suturing of a blood vessel
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| aorta | largest artery in the body which collets blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all parts of the body via smaller arteries
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| artery | a vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues and organs
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| arteriole | a small artery
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| bicuspid valve | a valve with two cusps through which blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle. Also called mitral valve
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| bradycardia | slow heart action
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| bundle of HIS | specialized muscle fibres in the walls of the heart, between he ventricle, that carry the electrical impulses to the ventricles
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| capillaries | microscopic blood vessels connecting arterioles and venules
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| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart
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| cardiovascular system | system composed of the heart, blood vessels and their function within the body
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| carditis | inflammation of the heart
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| conductive tissue | highly specialized cardiac tissue which initiates and continues contraction impulses
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| congenital septal defect | small holes within the atrial or ventricular septums, which are present at birth
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| congestive heart failure | failure of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the tissues and organs
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| coronary artery disease | any disease which alters the ability of the coronary artery to deliver the amount of blood that is required by the heart muscle
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| diaphoresis | profuse sweating
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| diastole | the relaxation phase of the heart
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| dyspnea | difficulty breathing
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| endocardium | innermost layer of the heart
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| epicardium | outermost layer o the heart
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| heart | a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins
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| inferior vena cava | large vein which collect and carries deoxygenated blood from the lower portion of the body and enters the right atrium
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| insufficiency | inability of valves to close properly
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| left atrium | chamber which receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
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| myocardial infarction | life threatening condition characterized by necrosis in the myocardium due to a lack of oxygen
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| necrosis | destruction (death) of tissue
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| pallor | paleness
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| pericardium | fibrous sac which enclose the heart
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| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein
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| pulmonary artery | carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
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| pulmonary vein | carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs
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| pulmonic valve | prevents the backflow of blood into the right ventricle
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| Purkinje fibers | extended up the walls of the ventricles and transmit electrical impulses to both ventricles causing them to contract
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| right atrium | chamber which collects deoxygenated blood from the body
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| right ventricle | chamber which pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
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| septum | muscular wall which divides the right and left sides of the heart
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| shunt | a passage between two blood vessel between two sides of the heart
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| sphygmomanometer | instrument for measuring blood pressure
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| stenosis | narrowing
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| superior vena cava | large vein which collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the top portion of the body and enters the right atrium
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| systole | the contraction phase of the heart
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| tachycardia | rapid heart action
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| thrombophlebitis | abnormal condition of a blood clot in the blood vessel
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| tricuspid valve | a valve with 3 cusps located between the right atrium and right ventricle which allows blood to pass into the right ventricle
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| varicose vein | condition which develop when the valves of the veins are damaged, characterized by enlarged veins edema of the surrounding tissues
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| vein | a vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body organs and tissues
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| venule | a small vein
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| heart | a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins
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| fibrillation | arrhythmia in which there is an abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles
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| arteriole | a small artery
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| venule | a small vein
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| thrombosis | abnormal condition of a blood clot in the blood vessel which constructs it at the site of its formation
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| diuretics | act on kidneys to increase excretion of water and sodium
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| aortography | angiography of the aorta and its branches after injection of a contrast medium
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| coronary | angiography that is used to determine the degree of stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply the blood to the heart
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| (PTCA) percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty | angioplasty of the coronary arteries in which a balloon catheter is inserted through skin into the right femoral artery and threaded to the site of the stenosis
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| coronary artery disease | any disease which alters the ability of the coronary artery to deliver the amount of blood that is required by the heart muscle
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| angioplasty | any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward flow
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| heart block | arrhythmia in which there is interference with the normal transmission of electric impulse from the SA node to the Purkinje fibres
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| regurgitation | back flow or ejecting of contents through an opening
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| calcium blockers | block movement of calcium into myocardial cells and arterial walls, causing heart rate and blood pressure to decrease
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| beta blockers | block the effects of adrenaline on beta receptors, which slow nerve pulses that pass through the heart, thereby causing a decrease heart rate
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| (DVT) deep vein thrombosis | blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs; also deep venous thrombosis
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| cardiac enzyme studies | blood test that measures the presence and amount of cardiac enzyme in the blood including troponin T, troponin I and creatine kinase
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| left ventricle | chamber which pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs
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| sphincter | circular muscle found in a tubular structure or hollow organ that constricts or dilates to regulate passage of substances through its opening.
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| embolism | condition which a mass (blood clot) becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing blood flow
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| varicose vein | condition which develops when the valves of the veins are damaged. Characterized by enlarged veins and edema of the surrounding tissues
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| cardioversion | defibrillation technique using low energy shocks to treat an arrhythmia and is usually synchronized with the large R waves of the ECG complex to restore normal heart rhythm
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| thrombolysis | destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator
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| nitrates | dilate blood vessels of the heart, causing an increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium, and decrease venous return and arterial resistance, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand and relieves angina
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| cardio myopathy | disease or weakening of heart muscle tat diminishes cardiac function
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| stress test | ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions
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| halter monitor test | ECG taken with a small, portable recording system capable of storing up to 48 hours of ECG tracings. AKA Event Monitor Test
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| defibrillation | electrical shock delivered randomly during the cardiac cycle to treat emergency life threatening arrhythmias
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| (HTN)hypertension | elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg
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| cardiomegaly | enlarged heart
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| hyperlipidema | excessive amounts of lipids in the blood
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| (CHF)congestive heart failure | failure of the heart to pump adequate amount of blood to the tissues and organ
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| pericardium | fibrous sac which encloses the heart
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| leaflet | flat, leaf shaped structure that comprise the valves of the heart and prevents backflow of blood
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| atherosclerosis | form of arteriosclerosis characterized by depots of plaque containing cholesterol and lipids that narrows the lumen in the arteries
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| arteriosclerosis | hardening and narrowing of any artery along with loss of elasticity
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| Ultrasound | high-frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as echoes to produce an image of an internal structure. AKA sonogram or echo
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| conductive tissue | highly specialized cardiac tissue which initiates and continues contraction impulses
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| (AICD) automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrilator | implantation of a battery powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia of fibrillation via electrical impulses to the heart
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| ischemia | local temporary deficiency of blood supply t an organ or tissue due to circulatory obstruction
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| valvotomy | incision of the valve to increase the size of the opening-treat mitral stenosis
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| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of the vein wall which may cause clots to form
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| hypotension | low blood pressure, persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg
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| ACE inhibitors aka angiotensin-converting enzyme | lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
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| statins | lowers cholesterol in blood and reduces its production in the liver by blocking enzyme it produces
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| SPECT single-photon emission computed tomography | MUGA scan of the heart in which the gamma camera moves in a circle around patient to create individual images slices of the heart
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| myocardium | muscular layer of the heart
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| coarctation | narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta
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| carotid artery disease | narrowing of the carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis-may eventually lead to thrombus formation or stroke
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| vasoconstriction | narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually result disease, medications or physiological process
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| (MRI)magnetic resonance imaging | noninvasive technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than a xray beam to produce detailed multiplaner cross sectional views of soft tissues
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| (MUGA)multiple-gated acquisition scan | nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how well the heart walls move as they contract and calculates the ejection fraction rate
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| syncope | partial or complete loss of consciousness aka fainting
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| (CC) cardiac catheterization | passage of catheter into the heart through vein or artery
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| stent placement | placement of mesh tube inserted into a natural passage or conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced localized flow constriction
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| (CABG)coronary artery bypass graft | placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
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| antiarrhythmics | prevent, alleviate or correct cardiac arrhythmias by stabilizing the electrical conduction of the heart
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| pulmonic valve | prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle
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| (ECG,EEG) electrocardiogram | procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to arms, legs and chest
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| (EPS) electrophysiology studies | procedure used to determine the cause of life threatening cardiac arrhythmias by mapping the heart's conduction system
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| laser ablation | procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
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| angiography | radiographic image of the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium aka arteriography
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| venography | radiography of vein after injection of a contrast medium
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| vasodilators | reduce blood pressure by relaxing the smooth muscle in the blood vessels, particularly in large arteries, arterioles, and large veins
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| arterial biopsy | removal of segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteritis ( a type of vasculitis)
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| (BX) biopsy | removal of tissue for examination
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| embolectomy | removal of an embolus
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| endarterectomy | removal of fatty plaque from interior of an occuled vessel using specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device
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| palpitation | sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat or flutter
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| lipid panel | series of blood tests to assess risk of ischemic heart disease
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| congenital septal defect | small hole(s) within the atrial or ventricular septums, which are present at birth
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| bruite | soft blowing sound heard on auscultation associated valvular action or with movement of blood as it passes an obstruction
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| cardiac MRI | specialized MRI that provides information on both static and moving mages of the heart including flow velocity
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| bundle of His | specialized muscle fibers in the wall of the heart between ventricles. That carry the electric impulses to ventricles
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| viscosity | state of being stick or gummy. Can also apply to thickness.
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| (MVP) mitral valve prolapse | structural defect in which the mitral valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closer of valve and backflow of blood
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| open heart surgery | surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart usually with the assistance of a heart lung machine
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| commissurotomy | surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their points of contact
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| (CV) cardiovascular system | system composed of the heart, blood vessels and their functions within they body
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| nuclear perfusion study | test used in conjunction with a stress test to detect the presence of coronary artery disease
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| cardiac ablation | treatment for cardiac arrhythmias usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance
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| lumen | tubular space or channel within any artery, vein, intestine or tube
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| Doppler | ultrasonography used to access blood flow through blood vessels and the heart
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| vasodilation | widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular wall.
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| (MRA) magnetic resonance agniogram | type of MRI scan that uses magnet field and radio waves to provide detailed images of blood vessels
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| ECHO | ultrasound that is used to visualize internal cardiac structure of the heart and access cardio output
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