Endocrinology Review
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| Describe the hypothalamus | Influences the thyroid and pituitary gland. Serves as a link between the endocrine and nervous system.
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| Describe the pineal gland | Shaped like a pine cone. attached to the posterior part of the 3rd ventricle brain. secreted melantonin (sleep).
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| Describe the pituitary. | (aka) hypophysis. Known as the master gland. pea-sized organ loacted at the base of the brain. regulates many body activities. stimulates other glands to secrete hormones.
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| Describe the thyroid. | Largest gland of the endocrine system. H-shaped. Has 2 active iodine-containing hormones, T3 & T4. 2 lobes separated by an isthmus.
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| Name the 6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary and what there target organ/tissue is. | GH - Bone and general growth ACTH- adrenal cortex. TSH - Thyroid FSH & LH - testes/ovaries Prolactin - mammary glands
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| Name the 2 hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary and what their target organ/tissue is. | ADH (antidiuretic hormone)- kidneys oxytocin - uterus/mammary glands
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| What are the 3 types of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex? | Glucocorticoids (body cells) sex hormones (female libido) mineralocorticoids (kidney)
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| What are the 2 hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and what is their function? | 2 Hormones are epinephrine (maintains blood pressure) and norepinephrine (raises blood pressure) SNS - sympathetic nervous system
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| What is the function of endocrine glands? | secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream, hormones travel throughout body and lymph.
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| What is the function of the parathyroid glands? | increases blood calcium level. 4 separate glands. stimulates 3 target organs, kidney, bones and intestines.
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| Where are the adrenal glands located? | superior surface of kidney,.
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| Name 3 disorders associated with thyroid gland | Graves disease Cretinism Myxedema
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| What are the signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome? | moon shaped face fatigue high blood pressure hirsutism purple striae grossly exaggerated head and trunk
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| What causes acromegaly (pituitary disorder) | as an adult, hypersecretion of the growth hormone somatropin promotes soft tissue in bones and face, hands and feet grow larger
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| What are the signs and symptoms of Type I diabetes? | constant urination abnormal thirst (polydipsia) unusual hunger (polyphagia) the rapid weight loss irrability obvious weakness/fatigue nausea/vomiting
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| what are the signs and symptoms of type II diabetes? | Drowsiness Itching A family history blurred vision excessive weight gain tingling numbness & pain in extremeties easily fatigues skin infections
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