medical terminology
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| hypercalcemia | excess of calcium in the blood
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| decalceification | removal of calcium in the bones
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| kyphosis | abnormal condition of of posterior curvature of the spine (humpback)
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| laminectomy | removal of lamina
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| lordosis | abnormal condition of exaggerated anterior curvature of the spine (swayback)
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| lumbar | pertaining to the lower back
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| lumbosacral | pertaining to the lower back and the sacrum
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| myelopoiesis | formation of bone marrow
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| orthopedics | medical specialty dealing with bone disorders
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| osteitis | inflammation of bone
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| osteodsytrophy | poor development of bone
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| osteogenisis osteogenisis imperfecta) | formation of bone
(brittle bone disease)
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| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature in the spine
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| spondylosis | abnormal condition of the vertebrae
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| vertebroplasty | surgical repair of a vertebra
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| osteoblast | immature bone cell
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| osteoclast | cell that breaks down and removes bone
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| spondylolithesis | forward slipping of a vertebra over a lower vertebra
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| osteomalacia | softening of bone
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| epiphysis | the end of a long bone (to grow above)
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| pubic symphysis | area where the pubic bones grow together
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| osteoporosis | abnormal condition of loss of bone tissue and decrease in bone mass
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| osteotome | an instrument to cut bone
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| osteoclasis | surgical breaking of bone
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| acetabular | pertaining to the hip socket (acetabulum)
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| calcaneal | pertaining to the heel (calcaneus)
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| carpal | pertaining to the wrist bones (carpals)
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| supraclavicular | pertaining to above the collar bone (clavicle)
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| subcostal | pertaining to below the ribs
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| chondrocostal | pertaining to the cartilage attached to the ribs
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| craniotomy | process of cutting into the skull (cranium)
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| craniotome | instrument to cut the skull
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| femoral | pertaining to the thigh bone (femur)
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| fibular | pertaining to the fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
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| humeral | pertaining to the humerus (upper arm bone)
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| iliac | pertaining to the ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)
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| ischial | pertaining to the ishchium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)
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| malleolar | pertaining to the malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
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| mandibular | pertaining to the mandible (lower jaw bone)
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| maxillary | pertaining to the maxilla (upper jawbone)
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| metacarpectomy | removal of he metacarpals (hand bones)
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| metatarsalgia | pain in metatarsals (foot bones)
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| olecranal | pertaining to the elbow (olecranon
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| patellar | pertaining to the kneecap (patella)
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| pelvimetry | measurement of the dimensions of the pelvis
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| peroneal | pertaining to the fibula
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| phalangeal | pertaining to the phalanges (fingers or toe bones)
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| pubic | pertaining to the pubis (anterior part f the pelvic bone)
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| radial | pertaining to the radius (forearm bone-thumb side)
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| scapular | pertaining to the shoulder blade (scapula)
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| sternal | pertaining to the sternum (breastbone)
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| tarsectomy | removal of the tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)
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| tibial | pertaining to the tibia (shin bone)
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| ulnar | pertaining to the ulna (forearm bone-pinky side)
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| Ewing sarcoma | rare malignant tumor arising in bone; often occurring in children
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| extosis | bony growth(benign) arising from the surface of bone
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| fracture | traumatic breaking of bone
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| colles fracture | near the wrist at distal end of radius
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| comminuted fracture | bone is crushed and splintered into several pieces
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| compression fracture | bone collapses or is compressed; occurs in vertebrae
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| green stick fracture | bone is partially broke, breaks on one surface and bends on another; often occurring in forearm
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| impacted fracture | one fragment is driven firmly into the other; at the head of the femur or head of humerus
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| osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma) | common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found in children and adolescents
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| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
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| articular cartilage | smooth glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint
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| bursa | sac of fluid near a joint
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| ligament | connective tissue binding bones to other bones
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| tendon | connective tissue that binds muscles to bones
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| ankylosis | abnormal stiffening of a joint
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| arthroplasty | surgical repair of a joint
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| arthrotomy | incision of a joint
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| hemarthrosis | abnormal condition of blood in a joint
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| hydrarthrosis | abnormal condition of fluid in joints
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| polyarthritis | inflammation of many joints
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| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa
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| achondroplasia | a condition due to a defect in the formation of cartliage and bone
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| chondroma | benign tumor of cartilage
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| chondromalacia | softening of cartilage
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| ligamentous | pertaining to a ligament
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| rhematologist | a specialist in the study of joints and joint disorders
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| synovitis | inflammation of the synovial membrane
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| tenorrhaphy | suture of a tendon
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| tenosynovitis | inflammation of a tendon and its sheath
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| tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon
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| arthrodesis | a surgical fusion of a joint
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| spinal stenosis | narrowing of the spinal canal
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| fasciotomy | incision of the fascia
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| fibromyalgia | pain of the fibrous connective tissue and muscle
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| leiomyoma | tumor of smooth muscle
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| leiomyosarcoma | cancerous tumor of smooth muscle
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| myalgia | muscle pain
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| electromyography (EMG) | process of recording the strength of muscle contraction after electrical stimulation
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| myopathy | disease of a muscle
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| myocardial | pertaining to the heart muscle
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| myositis | inflammation of a muscle
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| plantar flexion | bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground
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| rhabdomyoma | tumor of the skeletal muscle
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| rhabdomyosarcoma | cancerous tumor of skeletal muscle
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| sarcopenia | loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging
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| myastenia gravis | a neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
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| atrophy | decrease in cell size
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| hypertrophy | increase in cell size
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| amytrophic | pertaining to no muscle development
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| abduction | movement away from the midline away from the body
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| adduction | movement towards the midline of the body
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| dorsiflexion | process of bending back
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| polymyalgia | pain of many muscles
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| arthritis | inflammation of any joint
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| ankylosing spondylitis | chronic progressive arthritis primarily of the spine
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| gouty arthritis (gout) | inflammation and painful swelling of joints cause by excessive uric acid in the body
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| osteoarthritis (OA) | progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone articular surfaces
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| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an
autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial
membrane
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| bunion | enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big
toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
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| carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) | Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and
the bones and tendons of the wrist
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| dislocation | Displacement of a bone from its joint
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| ganglion cyst | Fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in
the hand
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| Lyme disease (Lyme arthritis) | Disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a
bacterium carried by a tick.
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| sprain | Trauma to ligaments without rupture.
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| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin,
kidneys, central nervous system (CNS), heart, and lungs
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| flexion | Decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb
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| extension | Increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb.
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| supination | the act of turning the palm up
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| pronation | the act of turning the palm
down
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| fascia | Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
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| insertion of a muscle | Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves
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| origin of a muscle | Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone
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| striated muscle | Muscle connected to bones; voluntary or skeletal muscle
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| visceral muscle | Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle.
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| rheumatoid factor test (RF) | Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis
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| arthroscopy | Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope and television camera
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| bone density test (bone densitometry) | Low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and
wrist is used to measure bone mass.
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| computed tomography (CT) | X-ray beam and computer provide cross-sectional and other images.
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| diskography | X-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after
injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disk).
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | Magnetic field creates images of soft tissue
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| muscle biopsy | Removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination
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