Endocrine Word List
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| Addison disease | Chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by a deficiency of cortical hormones
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| Adenoma | Tumour of a gland
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| antidiuretic | Vasopressin: promotes reabsorption of water in teh kidneys
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| adrenal cortex | Outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steriods
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| adrenalectomy | Surgical excision of an adrenal gland
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| adrenal glands | two bean-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys which secrete steroids and sex hormones
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| adenal medulla | inner section of the adrenal gland which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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| aldosterone | Steroid produced in the adrenal cortex. Is essential to life. Maintains sodium and potassium levels.
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| atrophy | lack of development
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| cortisol | a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex
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| Cushing syndrome | Disorder caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steroids.
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| diabetes mellitus | A common pancreatic disorder involving insulin secretion into the blood, either in too much or too little
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| dwarfism | a condition ob being abnormally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction
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| endocrinology | the study of ductless glands, their secretions, and their function of homeostasis.
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| epinephrine | adrenaline - produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases heart reate, fat metabolism for energy, dilates the brochial tubes.
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| endocrine glands | glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream
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| exophthalmos | protusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often assocatied with Graves disease.
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| gigantism | abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of pituitary growth hormone before puberty
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| glucogenesis | formation of glucose from glycogen
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| glucocorticoids | steriods in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
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| glycogen | substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future conversion into sugar.
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| hyperglycemia | excessive amount of sugar in the blood
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| hyperinsulinism | excessive amount of insulin in the blood-insulin shock
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| hypersecretion | excessive secretion
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| hypocalcemia | abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood
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| hypoglycemia | too little sugar in the blood
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| hypogonadism | underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands
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| hypokalemia | extreme depletion of potassium in the blood usually lost in diuresis
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| hyposecretion | inadequate secretion
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| islets of Langerhans | cluster of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon
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| ketoacidosis | an acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterized by hypotension and, evntually coma
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| metabolism | processes in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions taht are necesary to maintain life
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| mineralocorticoids | hormones in the adrenal cortex taht regulates water and mineral salts (electrolytes) in the body
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| norepinephrine | noradrenaline; produced in the adrenal medulla. increases blood pressure and constricts vessels
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| oral hypoglycemics | medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin
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| pancreas | an organ that contains groups of cells called the islets of Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon.
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| parathyroid glands | four separate glands taht are located on teh posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland
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| pineal gland | pine-cone shaped gland that is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain which secretes melatonin
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| pituitary gland | hypophysis; pea-shaped gland taht is located at the base of the brain
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyphagia | a condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food
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| serum glucose tests | blood tests to aid in the diagnosis of insulin deficiency
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| somatotropin | human growth hormone found in the anterior pituitary lobe
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| thyroid echogram | ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland
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| thyroid gland | largest gland on teh endocrine system. located in the neck just below the larynx
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| thyrotoxic | thyroid poisoning
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| thyrotoxicosis | abnormal condition of poisoning of the thyroid gland
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| thyroxine (T4) | one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. REgulates metabolism and energy levels.
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| triiodothyronine (T3) | one of the two major hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland.
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