Bones & Joints
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bone stores which minerals? | show 🗑
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yellow marrow functions as what? | show 🗑
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show | haemopoetic function
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what are the four types of bones based on their gross morphological appearance? | show 🗑
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show | 1.cortical (compact) bone
2.cancellous (spongy/trabecular) bone
3.subchondral bone
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cancellous bone consists of a meshwork of struts or ____ | show 🗑
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where is subchondral bone found? | show 🗑
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how does bone initially form? | show 🗑
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bone is a ____ tissue and consisting of cells embedded in a _____ | show 🗑
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what is bone's primary inorganic component? | show 🗑
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what are the primary organic components of bone? | show 🗑
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show | they are derived from osteoprogenitor cells and are responsible for depositing bone
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what do osteoblasts secrete? | show 🗑
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what do osteoblasts communicate with neighboring osteoclasts via? | show 🗑
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how are osteocytes formed and what are they responsible for? | show 🗑
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how to osteocytes communicate with neighboring osteocytes? | show 🗑
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what are osteoprogenitor cells and what can they differentiate into? | show 🗑
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where are osteoprogenitor cells found? | show 🗑
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what does the ruffled border of osteoclasts secrete? | show 🗑
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unlike osteoblasts, osteoclasts orginate from what? | show 🗑
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show | small cavities that form when osteoclasts resorb bone
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show | 1. intramembranous ossification (like bones of the cranial vault, face and clavicles)
2. endochondral ossification (all other bones)
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show | it occurs when mesenchymal cells differentiate directly into osteoblasts. the osteoblasts then start laying down spciules of bone
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show | occurs when a hyaline cartilaginous model continues to grow and forms as a scaffold for the developing bone
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in the diaphysis, what do chondrogenic cells differentiate into? | show 🗑
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show | periosteum
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show | at the epiphyseal plate
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how does the epiphyseal plate elongate? | show 🗑
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show | where endochondral ossification begins, responsible for the formation of the diaphysis of long bones
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show | highly organized and arranged sheet of mature compact bone
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show | 1. outer circumferential lamellae found on the periosteal surface
2. inner circumferential lamellae found on the endosteal surface
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where are the haversian canals located? | show 🗑
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show | sharpey's fibers
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show | small canals that connect the lacunae and allow the osteocytes to communicate via long processes with gap junctions
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show | canals containing a neurovascular bundle that supplies the surrounding bone.
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what are volkman's canals? | show 🗑
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show | 1. growth
2. modeling - primary bone
3. remodeling - secondary bone
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show | growth that increases diameter by adding new bone under the periosteum
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what is longitudinal growth? | show 🗑
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show | the process by which bones modify their gross morphology and internal architecture - limited in mature bones. it is also the primary process by which bones adapt to their mechanical environment
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define remodeling | show 🗑
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show | turn over cylindrical packets of bone by:
1. localized destruction - resorption space
2. formation of new concentric lamellae - haversian system
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show | 1. mobilization of calcium
2. removal of microdamage
3. vascularization
4. mechanical stress
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show | negative, positive
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osteoblasts are stimulated by what to deposit bone? | show 🗑
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show | positive piezoelectric charges
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show | that strain magnitude within the bone regulates modeling and remodeling
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according to the mechanostat hypothesis, an above acceptable strain level results in what two things? | show 🗑
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show | osteoblasts have receptors that recognize this hormone and they stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone to liberate calcium
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show | calcitonin
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what gland secretes calcitonin? | show 🗑
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show | osteoclast activity and thus bone resorption
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show | fibrous joints
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cartilaginous joints occur when bones are joined by what or what | show 🗑
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