Bones & Joints
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| show | calcium and phosphorus
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| show | energy storage
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| red marrow functions as what? | show 🗑
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| show | long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones
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| what are the three types of bone based on their internal structure? | show 🗑
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| cancellous bone consists of a meshwork of struts or ____ | show 🗑
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| show | at joints underlying hyaline cartilage
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| how does bone initially form? | show 🗑
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| show | connective, matrix
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| show | calcium hydroxyapatite
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| show | collagen (mainly type 1)
proteoglycans
glycoproteins (osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, & osteonectin)
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| what are osteoblasts derived from and what is their responsibility? | show 🗑
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| what do osteoblasts secrete? | show 🗑
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| what do osteoblasts communicate with neighboring osteoclasts via? | show 🗑
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| show | they form when osteoblasts become surrounded with matrix. they are responsible for the resorbtion of bone
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| how to osteocytes communicate with neighboring osteocytes? | show 🗑
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| show | they are undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. they can differentiate into either osteoblasts or under low oxygen tension chondroblasts
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| show | they are found on the periosteal surface as well as lining haversian canals
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| show | H+ ions
lysosomal hydrolases
collagenase
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| unlike osteoblasts, osteoclasts orginate from what? | show 🗑
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| what are howship's lacunae? | show 🗑
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| what are the two ways bone can form? | show 🗑
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| show | it occurs when mesenchymal cells differentiate directly into osteoblasts. the osteoblasts then start laying down spciules of bone
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| describe endochondral ossification. | show 🗑
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| in the diaphysis, what do chondrogenic cells differentiate into? | show 🗑
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| show | periosteum
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| show | at the epiphyseal plate
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| how does the epiphyseal plate elongate? | show 🗑
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| what are the primary ossification centers? | show 🗑
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| what are lamellae? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. outer circumferential lamellae found on the periosteal surface
2. inner circumferential lamellae found on the endosteal surface
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| show | they are located in the midcortex
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| what ties the periosteal membrane to the bone surface? | show 🗑
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| show | small canals that connect the lacunae and allow the osteocytes to communicate via long processes with gap junctions
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| show | canals containing a neurovascular bundle that supplies the surrounding bone.
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| show | canals that allow central canals of adjacent osteons communicate
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| show | 1. growth
2. modeling - primary bone
3. remodeling - secondary bone
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| what is appositional growth? | show 🗑
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| show | growth that increases bone length by adding new bone at the growth plates
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| show | the process by which bones modify their gross morphology and internal architecture - limited in mature bones. it is also the primary process by which bones adapt to their mechanical environment
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| show | the process by which bone matrix is turned over, conducted by BMU - basic multicellular unit
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| show | turn over cylindrical packets of bone by:
1. localized destruction - resorption space
2. formation of new concentric lamellae - haversian system
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| what four things drive remodeling? | show 🗑
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| show | negative, positive
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| show | negative piezoelectric charges
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| show | positive piezoelectric charges
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| show | that strain magnitude within the bone regulates modeling and remodeling
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| show | modeling stimulated and remodeling suppressed
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| the production of parathyroid hormone results in what? | show 🗑
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| show | calcitonin
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| what gland secretes calcitonin? | show 🗑
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| show | osteoclast activity and thus bone resorption
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| show | fibrous joints
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| show | hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
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Created by:
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