PFT_Terms_Chapter8
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| absence seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by a sudden, momentary break in consciousness; formerly often called petit mal seizure
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| adjunct | a drug used with another drug
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| Alzheimer disease | a degenerative disorder of the brain that leads to progressive dementia and changes in personality and behavior
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| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | a degenerative disease of the motor nerves; also called Lou Gehrig's disease
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| anticonvulsant | a drug to control seizures
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| ataxia | irregular muscle movements
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| atonic seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by sudden loss of both muscle tone and consciousness
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| attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | a neurologic disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and distractibility
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| area under the curve (AUC) | a measure of drug concentration in the blood
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| basal nuclei | symmetric, subcortical masses of gray matter embedded in the lower portions of the cerebral hemisphere; part of the extrapyramidal system; also called basal ganglia
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| catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) | an enzyme that metabolizes levodopa in the body; inhibited by certain anti-Parkinson agents
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| convulsion | involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the voluntary muscles
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| diplopia | the perception of two images of a single object
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| dysarthria | imperfect articulation of speech
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| dyskinesia | impairment of the power of voluntary movement
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| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing
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| epilepsy | a neurologic disorder involving sudden and recurring seizures
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| generalized seizure | a seizure that involves both hemispheres of the brain simultaneously and has no local origin; can be a tonicclonic (grand mal), absence (petit mal), myoclonic, or atonic seizure
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| grand mal seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by body rigidity followed by muscle jerks
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| isomer | one of two or more compounds that contain the same number and type of atoms but have different molecular structures
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| Lou Gehrig disease | see amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
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| motor end plate | the neuromuscular junction, where the nervous system and muscular system meet to produce or stop movement
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| multiple sclerosis (MS) | an autoimmune disease in which the myelin sheaths around nerves degenerate
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| muscle fasciculation | a small, local, involuntary muscular contraction visible under the skin
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| myasthenia gravis | an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction in which the ACh receptors are destroyed at the motor end plate, preventing muscles from responding to nerve signals to move them
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| myoclonic seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by sudden muscle contractions with no loss of consciousness
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| on-off phenomenon | a wide fluctuation between abnormally increased and abnormally diminished motor function, present in many Parkinson patients after about 5 years of levodopa therapy
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| Parkinson disease | a neurologic disorder characterized by akinesia, resting tremor, and muscular rigidity
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| partial seizure | an abnormal electrical discharge centered in a specific area of the brain; usually caused by a trauma
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| petit mal seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by a sudden, momentary break in consciousness
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| ptosis | paralytic drooping of the upper eyelid
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| restless leg syndrome | an overpowering urge to move the legs, especially at rest
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| seizure | abnormal electrical discharges in the cerebral cortex caused by sudden, excessive firing of neurons; result in a change in behavior of which the patient is not aware
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| status epilepticus | a serious disorder involving tonic-clonic convulsions that last at least 30 minutes
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| substance P | a potent neurotransmitter mediating sensations of pain, touch, and temperature
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| substantia nigra | a layer of gray substance separating parts of the brain
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| tonic-clonic seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by body rigidity followed by muscle jerks; formerly called a grand mal seizure
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