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PFT_Terms_Chapter8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absence seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by a sudden, momentary break in consciousness; formerly often called petit mal seizure |
| adjunct | a drug used with another drug |
| Alzheimer disease | a degenerative disorder of the brain that leads to progressive dementia and changes in personality and behavior |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | a degenerative disease of the motor nerves; also called Lou Gehrig's disease |
| anticonvulsant | a drug to control seizures |
| ataxia | irregular muscle movements |
| atonic seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by sudden loss of both muscle tone and consciousness |
| attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | a neurologic disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and distractibility |
| area under the curve (AUC) | a measure of drug concentration in the blood |
| basal nuclei | symmetric, subcortical masses of gray matter embedded in the lower portions of the cerebral hemisphere; part of the extrapyramidal system; also called basal ganglia |
| catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) | an enzyme that metabolizes levodopa in the body; inhibited by certain anti-Parkinson agents |
| convulsion | involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the voluntary muscles |
| diplopia | the perception of two images of a single object |
| dysarthria | imperfect articulation of speech |
| dyskinesia | impairment of the power of voluntary movement |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| epilepsy | a neurologic disorder involving sudden and recurring seizures |
| generalized seizure | a seizure that involves both hemispheres of the brain simultaneously and has no local origin; can be a tonicclonic (grand mal), absence (petit mal), myoclonic, or atonic seizure |
| grand mal seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by body rigidity followed by muscle jerks |
| isomer | one of two or more compounds that contain the same number and type of atoms but have different molecular structures |
| Lou Gehrig disease | see amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
| motor end plate | the neuromuscular junction, where the nervous system and muscular system meet to produce or stop movement |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | an autoimmune disease in which the myelin sheaths around nerves degenerate |
| muscle fasciculation | a small, local, involuntary muscular contraction visible under the skin |
| myasthenia gravis | an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction in which the ACh receptors are destroyed at the motor end plate, preventing muscles from responding to nerve signals to move them |
| myoclonic seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by sudden muscle contractions with no loss of consciousness |
| on-off phenomenon | a wide fluctuation between abnormally increased and abnormally diminished motor function, present in many Parkinson patients after about 5 years of levodopa therapy |
| Parkinson disease | a neurologic disorder characterized by akinesia, resting tremor, and muscular rigidity |
| partial seizure | an abnormal electrical discharge centered in a specific area of the brain; usually caused by a trauma |
| petit mal seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by a sudden, momentary break in consciousness |
| ptosis | paralytic drooping of the upper eyelid |
| restless leg syndrome | an overpowering urge to move the legs, especially at rest |
| seizure | abnormal electrical discharges in the cerebral cortex caused by sudden, excessive firing of neurons; result in a change in behavior of which the patient is not aware |
| status epilepticus | a serious disorder involving tonic-clonic convulsions that last at least 30 minutes |
| substance P | a potent neurotransmitter mediating sensations of pain, touch, and temperature |
| substantia nigra | a layer of gray substance separating parts of the brain |
| tonic-clonic seizure | a type of generalized seizure characterized by body rigidity followed by muscle jerks; formerly called a grand mal seizure |
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