chapter8
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| anticipatory compounding | preparing excess product (besides an individual compound prescription) in reasonable quantities; these preparations must be labeled with lot numbers
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| beyond-use dating | the documentation of the date after which a compounded preparation expires and should no longer be used
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| blending | the act of combining two substances using techniques such as spatulation, sifting, and tumbling
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| Class III prescription balance | a two-pan balance used to weigh material (120 g or less) with a sensitivity rating of +/-6 mg; also known as a Class A balance
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| comminution | the act of reducing a substance to small, fine particles, using techniques such as trituration, levigation, and pulverization
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| compounded preparation | a patient-specific medication prepared on-site by the technician, under the direct supervision of the pharmacist, from individual ingredients
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| compounding | the process of preparing a medication for an individual patient from bulk ingredients according to a prescription by a licensed prescriber
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| compounding log | a printout of the prescription for a specific patient, including the amounts or weights of all ingredients and instructions for compounding; used by the technician to prepare a compounded medication for a patient
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| continuous quality improvement (CQI) | a process of written procedures designed to identify problems and recommend solutions
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| counterbalance | a two-pan balance used for weighing material up to 5 kg with a sensitivity rating of +/-100 mg
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| digital electronic analytical balance | a single-pan balance that is more accurate than Class III balances or counterbalances; it has a capacity of 100 g and sensitivity as low as +/-2 mg
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| diluent powder | an inactive ingredient that is added to the active drug in compounding a tablet or capsule
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| estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) | treatment consisting of some combination of female hormones
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| forceps | an instrument used to pick up small objects, such as pharmacy weights
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| geometric dilution method | a process that uses a mortar and pestle to gradually combine several drugs and inactive ingredients
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| good compounding practices (GCP) | USP standards in many areas of practice to ensure high-quality compounded preparations
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| graduated cylinder | a flask used for measuring liquids
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| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | therapy consisting of some combination of estrogen and progestin (female) and androgen (male) hormones
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| levigation | a process usually used to reduce the particle size of a solid during the preparation of an ointment
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| manufactured products | products prepared off-site by a large-scale drug manufacturer
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| master control record | a recipe for a compound preparation that lists the name, strength, dosage form, ingredients and their quantities, mixing instructions, and beyond-use dating; many recipes available from PCCA
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | a document that contains important information on hazards and flammability of chemicals used in compounding and procedure for treatment of accidental ingestion or exposure
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| meniscus | the moon-shaped or concave appearance of a liquid in a graduated cylinder; used during the measurement process
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| mortar and pestle | equipment used for mixing and grinding pharmaceutical ingredients
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| nonsterile compounding | the preparation of a medication, in an appropriate quantity and dosage form, from several pharmaceutical ingredients in response to a prescription written by a physician; sometimes referred to as extemporaneous compounding
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| nonvolumetric glassware | a beaker or flask that is not calibrated and cannot be used to accurately measure liquids; its use is limited to store, contain, and mix liquids with other bulk ingredients
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| ointment slab | a flat, hard, nonabsorbent surface used for mixing compounds; also known as a compounding slab
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| percentage of error | the acceptable range of variation above and below the target measurement; used in compounding and manufacturing
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| pharmaceutical elegance | the physical appearance of the final compounded preparation
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| pharmaceutical weights | measures of various sizes made of polished brass, often used with a two-pan prescription balance; available in both metric and apothecary weights
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| Pharmacy Compounding Accrediting Board (PCAB) | an organization that provides quality standards for a compounding pharmacy through voluntary accreditation
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| pipette | a long, thin, calibrated hollow tube used for measuring small volumes of liquids
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| powders | preparations in the form of fine particles
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| prescription record | a computer-generated version of the compounding log that documents the compounding recipe for a specific prescription and patient
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| pulverization | the process of reducing particle size, especially by using a solvent
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| punch method | a method for filling capsules in which the body of a capsule is repeatedly punched into a cake of medication until the capsule is full
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| rapid-dissolving tablet (RDT) | a tablet that disintegrates rapidly (within 30 seconds) on the tongue
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| sifting | a process used to blend powders through the use of a sieve
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| spatula | a stainless steel, plastic, or hard rubber instrument used for transferring or mixing solid pharmaceutical ingredients
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| spatulation | a process used to blend ingredients, often used in the preparation of creams and ointments
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| stability | the extent to which a compounded product retains the same physical and chemical properties and characteristics it possessed at the time of preparation
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| sterile compounding | the preparation of a parenteral product in the hospital, home healthcare, nuclear, or community pharmacy setting; an example is an intravenous antibiotic or an ophthalmic solution
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| trituration | the process of rubbing, grinding, or pulverizing a substance to create fine particles, generally by means of a mortar and pestle
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| tumbling | a process used to combine powders by placing them in a bag or container and shaking it
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| volumetric measurement | a calibrated graduated cylinder or pipette that accurately measures liquids
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| weighing boat | a plastic container used to weigh large quantities of chemicals
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| weighing paper | a special paper that is placed on a weighing balance pan to avoid contact between pharmaceutical ingredients and the balance tray; also called powder paper
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