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chapter8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anticipatory compounding | preparing excess product (besides an individual compound prescription) in reasonable quantities; these preparations must be labeled with lot numbers |
| beyond-use dating | the documentation of the date after which a compounded preparation expires and should no longer be used |
| blending | the act of combining two substances using techniques such as spatulation, sifting, and tumbling |
| Class III prescription balance | a two-pan balance used to weigh material (120 g or less) with a sensitivity rating of +/-6 mg; also known as a Class A balance |
| comminution | the act of reducing a substance to small, fine particles, using techniques such as trituration, levigation, and pulverization |
| compounded preparation | a patient-specific medication prepared on-site by the technician, under the direct supervision of the pharmacist, from individual ingredients |
| compounding | the process of preparing a medication for an individual patient from bulk ingredients according to a prescription by a licensed prescriber |
| compounding log | a printout of the prescription for a specific patient, including the amounts or weights of all ingredients and instructions for compounding; used by the technician to prepare a compounded medication for a patient |
| continuous quality improvement (CQI) | a process of written procedures designed to identify problems and recommend solutions |
| counterbalance | a two-pan balance used for weighing material up to 5 kg with a sensitivity rating of +/-100 mg |
| digital electronic analytical balance | a single-pan balance that is more accurate than Class III balances or counterbalances; it has a capacity of 100 g and sensitivity as low as +/-2 mg |
| diluent powder | an inactive ingredient that is added to the active drug in compounding a tablet or capsule |
| estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) | treatment consisting of some combination of female hormones |
| forceps | an instrument used to pick up small objects, such as pharmacy weights |
| geometric dilution method | a process that uses a mortar and pestle to gradually combine several drugs and inactive ingredients |
| good compounding practices (GCP) | USP standards in many areas of practice to ensure high-quality compounded preparations |
| graduated cylinder | a flask used for measuring liquids |
| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | therapy consisting of some combination of estrogen and progestin (female) and androgen (male) hormones |
| levigation | a process usually used to reduce the particle size of a solid during the preparation of an ointment |
| manufactured products | products prepared off-site by a large-scale drug manufacturer |
| master control record | a recipe for a compound preparation that lists the name, strength, dosage form, ingredients and their quantities, mixing instructions, and beyond-use dating; many recipes available from PCCA |
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | a document that contains important information on hazards and flammability of chemicals used in compounding and procedure for treatment of accidental ingestion or exposure |
| meniscus | the moon-shaped or concave appearance of a liquid in a graduated cylinder; used during the measurement process |
| mortar and pestle | equipment used for mixing and grinding pharmaceutical ingredients |
| nonsterile compounding | the preparation of a medication, in an appropriate quantity and dosage form, from several pharmaceutical ingredients in response to a prescription written by a physician; sometimes referred to as extemporaneous compounding |
| nonvolumetric glassware | a beaker or flask that is not calibrated and cannot be used to accurately measure liquids; its use is limited to store, contain, and mix liquids with other bulk ingredients |
| ointment slab | a flat, hard, nonabsorbent surface used for mixing compounds; also known as a compounding slab |
| percentage of error | the acceptable range of variation above and below the target measurement; used in compounding and manufacturing |
| pharmaceutical elegance | the physical appearance of the final compounded preparation |
| pharmaceutical weights | measures of various sizes made of polished brass, often used with a two-pan prescription balance; available in both metric and apothecary weights |
| Pharmacy Compounding Accrediting Board (PCAB) | an organization that provides quality standards for a compounding pharmacy through voluntary accreditation |
| pipette | a long, thin, calibrated hollow tube used for measuring small volumes of liquids |
| powders | preparations in the form of fine particles |
| prescription record | a computer-generated version of the compounding log that documents the compounding recipe for a specific prescription and patient |
| pulverization | the process of reducing particle size, especially by using a solvent |
| punch method | a method for filling capsules in which the body of a capsule is repeatedly punched into a cake of medication until the capsule is full |
| rapid-dissolving tablet (RDT) | a tablet that disintegrates rapidly (within 30 seconds) on the tongue |
| sifting | a process used to blend powders through the use of a sieve |
| spatula | a stainless steel, plastic, or hard rubber instrument used for transferring or mixing solid pharmaceutical ingredients |
| spatulation | a process used to blend ingredients, often used in the preparation of creams and ointments |
| stability | the extent to which a compounded product retains the same physical and chemical properties and characteristics it possessed at the time of preparation |
| sterile compounding | the preparation of a parenteral product in the hospital, home healthcare, nuclear, or community pharmacy setting; an example is an intravenous antibiotic or an ophthalmic solution |
| trituration | the process of rubbing, grinding, or pulverizing a substance to create fine particles, generally by means of a mortar and pestle |
| tumbling | a process used to combine powders by placing them in a bag or container and shaking it |
| volumetric measurement | a calibrated graduated cylinder or pipette that accurately measures liquids |
| weighing boat | a plastic container used to weigh large quantities of chemicals |
| weighing paper | a special paper that is placed on a weighing balance pan to avoid contact between pharmaceutical ingredients and the balance tray; also called powder paper |
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