Appendix A and C
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| a-, an, ana- | no, not, without
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| anti- | against
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| ante- | before, forward
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| bi- | two, double, both
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| brady- | slow
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| contra- | against, opposite
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| dys- | difficult, painful
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| endo- | within
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| epi- | above, upon
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| gynec/o | woman
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| hemi- | half
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| hyper- | above, excessive
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| hypo- | below, deficient
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| inter- | between
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| intra- | within
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| mal- | bad, poor, abnormal
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| neo- | new
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| non- | not
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| para- | near, beside
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| per- | through
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| peri- | around, surrounding
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| poly- | many, excessive
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| post- | after
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| pre- | before, in front of
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| retro- | behind, backwards, upward
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| semi- | half
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| sub- | below, under
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| syn- | together, with
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| tachy- | fast
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| tri- | three
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| -algia | pain
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| -cyte | cell
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| -ectomy | surgical removal, exision
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| -emesis | vomit
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| -emia | blood
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| -ism | condition
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -lepsy | seizures
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| -oid | resembling, like
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| -(o)logist | specialist in the study or treatment of
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| -(o)logy | study of
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| -oma | tumor
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| -osis | abnormal condition
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| -ostomy | creation of an opening
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| -otomy | incision into
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| -pathy | disease
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| -phobia | abnormal fear
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| -plasty | surgical repair
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| -pnea | breathing
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| -rrhea | flow, discharge
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| -sclerosis | hardening
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| -stasis | control, stop
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| abdomin/o | abdomin
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| arteri/o | artery
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| arthr/o | joint
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| ather/o | fat, fatty plague
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| audi/o | hearing, sound
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| aur/o | ear
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| bronch/o | brohusnc
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| bucc/o | cheek
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| carcin/o | cancer
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| cardi/o | heart
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| cerebr/o | cerebrum
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| coagul/o | clotting
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| cyst/o | bladder, sac
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| cyt/o | cell
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| derm/o, dermat/o | skin
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| electr/o | electricity
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| encephal/o | brain
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| eosin/o, erythr/o | red
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| gyn/o, gyn/e, gynec/o | woman
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| hemat/o, hem/o | blood
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| hepat/o | liver
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| hydr/o | water, fluid
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| hyster/o | uterus
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| immune/o | protection
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| lip/o | fat
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| lymph/o | lymph
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| muc/o | mucus
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| my/o | muscle
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| narc/o | sleep
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| nas/o | nose
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| neur/o | nerve
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| oculo/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o | eye
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| or/o | mouth
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| oste/o | bone
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| phleb/o | vein
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| phot/o | light
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| pneum/o | lungs, air
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| proct/o | rectrum
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| psych/o, psych/i | mind or soul
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| pulmon/o | lungs
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| quadr/i | four
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| rect/o | rectum
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| ren/o | kidney
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| rhin/o | nose
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| septi | bacteria
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| thorac/o | chest
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| thromb/o | clot
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| trache/o | trachea
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| ven/o | vein
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| cerebrospinal | Pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord
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| cerebrovascular | Pertaining to the brain and blood vessels that supply it
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| epidural | Pertaining to above the dura mater
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| epilepsy | A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures
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| meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges of the brain
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| neuralgia | Nerve pain
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| neurologist | A physician who specializes in diseases of the neurological system
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| schizophrenia | a type of psychosis in which the mind is said to be split from reality
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| bradycardia | Pertaining to a slow heart rate
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| cardiologist | A physician who specializes in diseases of the heart
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| cardiomyopathy | Disease of the heart muscle
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| endocardium | Membrane lining the cavities of the heart
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| hypertension | High blood pressure
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| hypoxemia | Too little oxygen in the blood
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| myocarditis | Inflammation of the heart muscle
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| myocardium | Heart muscle tissue
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| pericardium | Lining around the outside of the heart
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| tachycardia | Pertaining to a fast heart rate
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| bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchi
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| dyspnea | Difficult, painful, or faulty breathing
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| hypoxia | A condition of deficient oxygen levels
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| pharyngitis | Inflammation of the pharynx
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| pulmonologist | Specialist in diseases of the lungs
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| rhinoplasty | Surgical repair of the nose
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| rhinorrhea | Discharge of the nose
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| spirometry | Measurement of breathing
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| stethoscope | Instrument used to listen to lung and heart sounds through the chest wall
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| arthritis | Inflammation of the joints
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| bursitis | Inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac around joints
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| intramuscular | Pertaining to within the muscle
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| myalgia | Muscle pain
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| orthopedic | Literally, means pertaining to straight foot Pertaining to the study of diseases of the skeletal and muscular system
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| tendinitis | Inflammation of the tendon
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| endocrinology | Study of the secreting glands that comprise the endocrine system
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| hyperglycemia | Too much sugar in the blood
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| hyperthyroidism | Condition of too much thyroid hormone
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| hypokalemia | Low blood potassium
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| pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas
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| autoimmune | The disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself
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| immunocompromised | A condition in which the immune system has been compromised by disease or immunosuppressive agents
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| leukemia | A malignant blood disease marked by abnormal white blood cells, or leukocytes
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| metastasis | The spread of cancer cells beyond the original site of the tumor through blood or lymph
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| anemia | A blood condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red blood cells
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| hematology | Medical study of the blood
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| myeloma | Tumor of the bone marrow
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| cholecystectomy | Surgical removal of the gall bladder
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| cirrhosis | Chronic liver condition that causes yellowing of tissues
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| colonoscopy | Process of viewing the colon
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| dyspepsia | The condition of indigestion, or of painful digestion
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| dysphagia | Pertaining to difficulty in eating or swallowing
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| esophagitis | Inflammation of the esphagus
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| gastroenterologist | Specialist in the study of treatment of the stomach and intestines
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| nasogastric | Pertaining to the nose and the stomach (a tube that travels from the nose to the stomach)
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| pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas
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| sublingual | Pertaining under the tongue
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| nephrectomy | Surgical removal of a kidney
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| polyuria | Condition in which one urinates excessively
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| pyelonephritis | Inflammation of the renal pelvis area of the kidney
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| urologist | Physician who specializes in conditions of the urinary stystem
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| conjunctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva
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| intraocular | Pertaining to the inside of the eye
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| ophthalmologist | Specialist in diseases of the eye
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| optometry | Process of measuring the eye
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| photophobia | Extreme sensitivity and discomfort from light
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| myringitis | Inflammation of the tympanic membrane
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| otitis | Inflammation of the ear
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| dermatitis | Inflammation of the skin
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| dermatologist | Specialist in the study of diseases of the skin
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| epidermal | Pertaining to the skin
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| histology | The study of tissues
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| percutaneous | Through the skin
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| subcutaneous | Pertaining to below the skin
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| gynecologist | A physician who specializes in the reproductive system of woman
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| hysterectomy | The surgical removal of the uterus
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| mammogram | An x-ray of the breast
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| obstetrics | The specialty pertaining to the care and treatment of mother and fetus through-out pregnancy, childbirth, and the immediate postpartum period
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| vasectomy | Excision of part of the vas deferens to produce male sterility
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| absorption | The amount of medicine that enters the bloodstream, or systemic circulation
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| accreditation | The process of granting recognition or vouching for compliance with established criteria (usually refers to recognition of an institution or program)
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| adjudication | Prescription claims adjudication refers to the determination of the insurer's payment after the member's insurance benefits are appplied to a medical claim
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| aseptic technique | The technique and procedures designed to prevent contamination of drugs, packaging, equipment, or supplies by microorganisms during prepartation
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| automated dispensing technology | Electronic storage cabinets or robotics that secure medications and despense them to nurses or tother caregivers when needed
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| automated medication dispensing device | A drug storage device or cabinet that contains an inventory of medications that are electronically dispensed so they may be administered to patients in a controlled manner
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| Average wholesale price (AWP) | A commonly used benchmark for billing drugs that are reimbursed in the community pharmacy setting. The AWP for a drug is set by the manufacturer of the drug.
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| Beyond-use labeling | A date that is given to a medication noting when it should no longer be used, also referred to as the expiration date.
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| Bioavailability | The percentage of an administered dose of a medication that reaches the bloodstream.
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| Brand-name drug | A drug that is covered by a patent and is therefore only available from a single manufacturer.
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| Buccal | A solid medication dosage form that is placed in the pocket between the cheek and gum and absorbed through the cheek into the bloodstream.
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| Centralized dispensing automation | Technology that assists in the selection and dispensing of drug products that are located in the central location, such as the pharmacy, and that can include robotics and carousels that use bar code scanning to select and label drug products for patients.
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| Centralized pharmacy | Pharmacy services that are provided from one location (usually centrally located) in the hospital. Pharmacy personnel, resources, and functions primarily reside within this self-contained location.
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| Chain pharmacy | A pharmacy that is part of a large number of corporately owned pharmacies that use the same name and carry similarly branded OTC products.
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| Community pharmacy | Generally a stand-alone pharmacy located within a community provides medication services to ambulatory patients.
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| Compounding | Ususally takes place in a pharmacy and includes the preparation, mixing, packaging, and labeling of a small quantity of a drug based on a practitioner's prescription or medication order for a specific patient
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| Controlled substances | Drugs or chemical substances whose possession and use are regulated under the Federal Controlled Substances Act and by state controlled substance laws and regulations.
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| Copayment (Copay) | The portion of the cost of a prescription that the patient is responsible for paying when a part of the cost is covered by a third-party payer.
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| Decentralized pharmacy | Pharmacy services that are provided on or near a patient care area. These services are often supported by a central pharmacy. A pharmacy satellite is an example of one form of a decentralized pharmacy service
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| Direct purchasing | The act of preparing a medication for use by a patient as authorized by a prescription.
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| Drug distribution services | The system(s)used to distribute medications that begins when the medication is received by the pharmacy and ends when the medication is administered to the patient.
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| Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) | The federal agency that administers and enforces federal laws for controlled substances and illegal substances such as narcotics and other danerous drugs. The DEA is part of the U.S. Department of Justice.
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| Durable medical equipment | Reusable equipment used for the treatment of illness or injury (wheelchairs, walkers, blood)
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| Electronic medication administration record (eMAR) | A component of the computerized patient medical record in which nurses and other healthcare providers document times and dates when a medication was administered to the patient
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| Elixir | A clear, sweet, flavored water-and-alcohol (hydroalcoholic) mixture intended for oral use.
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| Excretion | The irreversible removal of a drug or metabolite from a body fluid. The most common location of drug excretion in the body is the kidneys; the biliary tract is another important route of excretion.
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| Formulary | A specific list of drugs that are included with a given prescription drug plan.
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| Generic drug | A drug that is no longer covered by a patent and is therefore generally available from multiple manufacturers, usually resulting in a significant reduction in cost.
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| Hazardous material | Any material that poses a risk to people, animals, property, or the environment
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| Health Insurance Portablility and Accountability Act (HIPAA) | Federal legislation enacted to establish guidlines for the protection of patients private health information
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| Hospital formulary | An approved list of medication that are routinely stocked in the hospital pharmacy to treat the types of patients the hospital typically serves
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| Inhalant | A fine powder or solution of a drug delivered as a mist through the mouth into the respiratory tract.
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| Intracardiac | Injected directly into the heart muscle
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| Intradermal | Injected into the top layers of the skin
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| Intramuscular | Injected directly into a large muscle mass, such as the upper arm, thigh, or buttock, and absorbed from the muscle tissue into the bloodstream
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| Intrathcal | Injected into the space around the spinal cord
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| Intravenous | Injected directly into a vein and therefore immediately available to act in the body
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| Legend drug | A drug that is required by federal law to be dispensed by prescription only. It is the older term for drugs that are now identified as "RX Only"
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| Licensure | The process by which an agency of the government grants permission to an individual a degree of competency necessary to ensure that public health, safety, and welfare will be protected
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| Lozenge | A hard, disk-shaped solid medication dosage form that contains medication in a sugar base, which released as the lozenge is held in the mouth and sucked
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| Mail-order pharmacy | A pharmacy that functions like a warehouse, with pharmacists and technicians who dispense prescriptions that are mailed to (not picked-up)by patients
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| Material safety data sheets | Information sheets proveded by manufacturers for chemicals or drugs that may be hazardous in the workplace. They provide information for their safe use, and recommendations to treat an exposure or clean up a spill
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| Medication administration record (MAR) | A component of the paper patient medical record in which nurses and other helathcare providers document times and dates when a medication was administered to the patient
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| Medication error | Any error occurring in the medication use process
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| Medication order | A written, electronic, telephone, or verbal request for a patient medication in an inpatient setting.
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| Medication therapy management (MTM) | A service or group of servies that optimize therapeutic outcomes of a patient.
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| National Drug Code (NDC) | A unique number assigned to each drug, strength, and package size for the purpose of identification.
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| Ointment | A semisolid medication dosage form, applied to the skin or mucous membranes, which lubricates and softens or is used as a base for drug delivery.
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| Parenteral | A route of medication administation that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, such as intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous administration.
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| Patient counseling | The act of educating a patient, by apharmacist, regarding the proper use of a prescribed drug, at the time of dispensing.
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| Patient profile | A list of information about the patient, name, identification number, DOB, sex, height, weight, lab values, diagnoses, room and bed number, doctor, allergies, medication history, special considerations and clinical comments.
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| Pharmacist | A health care professional licensed by the state to engage in the practice of pharmacy. Training in pharmacology (study of drugs), pharmacokinetics (the process absorbed, distributed, metabolized,eliminated in the body.
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| Pharmacy satellite | A physical space located in or near a patient care area that can provide a variety of distributive and clinical services.
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| Practice of pharmacy | The practice of pharmacy is regulated by each state through its pharmacy laws and regulations.
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| Prescription | The written or verbal authorization, by an authorized prescriber, for the use of a particular pharmaceutical agent for an individual patient. This term also refers to the physical product dispensed.
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| Primary prescription label | A label, afficed to a dispensed drug product, that contains legally required information, including pharmacy name and address, patient name, prscriber name, drug name, dirction for use, date dispensed, cautionary statements, lot number, expiration date
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| Professionaln | A person who practices an occupation or vocation that requires advanced specialized training.
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| Professionalism | Actively demonstrating the attitudes, qualities and behaviors of a professional while performing the duties of one's profession "putting the needs of others before your own."
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| Purchase order | A document executed by a purchaser and forwarded to a supplier that is considered a legal offer to buy products or services.
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| Registration | The process of maiking a list or being enrolled in an existing list. PT may be required to be registered w/ state board of pharmacy
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| STAT | Latin word statim, need of the drug right away
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| Stock rotation | Placing the products that will expire the soonest in the front of the shelf or bin and those with later expiration dates behind them.
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| Subcutaneous | Deposited in the tissue just under the skin.
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| Sublingual | Placed under the tonue, where it dissolves and is absorbed into the bloodstream.
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| Suspension | A mixture of fine particles of an undissolved solid spread throughout a liquid or, less commonly, a gas
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| Technician | An individual skilled in the practical or mechanical aspects of a profession. A pharmacy technician assists pharmacists by perfoming routine, day-to-day functions of the practice of pharmacy that do not require the judgment of a pharmacist.
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| Topical | Applied to the skin, mucous membranes, or other external parts of the body, such as fingernails, toenails, and hair.
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| Transdermal | Through the skin; percutaneous.
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| Unit dose distribution system | A system that provides all or most medications to patinets in a unit dose ready-to-admisister form.
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| Unit-dose package | A non-reusable container designed to hold a quantity of drug to be administered as a single dose.
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| Wholesaler | A large-scale warehouse with drugs and supplies located in various geographic regions that exist to help bring pharmaceutical products closer to the market.
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