Spleen and Thymus
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| Splenomegaly ? | * dragging sensation in LUQ, can see from infections, heme issues, congestion, cirrhosis, etc.
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| Hypersplenism ? | * overactivity of the spleen in making ABs or even phagocytic activity inside the spleen that leads to splenomegaly
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| Conditions Associated with Splenomegaly ? | * Felty’s Syndrome and Gaucher’s Disease
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| Infectious Mononucleosis ? | * Fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy and atypical lymphocytes
.... * spleen is enlarged and have to watch out for rupture in athletes
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| Nonspecific Acute Splenitis ? | * Splenomegaly due to blood-borne infections.... * congestion of red pulp ..... *
Effacement of lymphoid follicles..... * Neutrophils, plasma cells & eosinophils throughout red & white pulp
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| Congestive Splenomegaly ? | * from Cirrhosis or splenic outflow blockage.... * thickened fibrous capsule
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| Splenic Infarcts ? | * emboli from heart most common .... * from an occlusion of a splenic artery... * see large map like scars on the outside of the spleen
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| Hyposplenism ? | * sickle cell anemia is most common cause.... * see Howell-Jolly bodies in a PB .... * can be leathal
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| Neoplasms of Spleen ? | * if the spleen has cysts, think parasitic infection... common is echinococcal disease
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| Congenital Anomalies of the Spleen ? | * can see Asplenia, Hypoplasia, and even an Accessory Spleen
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| Thymus Overview ? | * in anterior mediastinum and play a role in cell-mediated immunity .... see whorls of medullary epithelial cells with keratinized cores
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| Thymic Development issues ? | * DiGeorges or Aplasia
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| Thymic Hyperplasia ? | * Appearance of B-cell germinal centers within thymus --- think 65-75% of cases of Myasthenia Gravis
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| Thymomas ? | * Tumors of thymic epithelial cells.... * Cortical thymomas rich in CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes associated with Autoimmune diseases = Graves’, pernicious anemia, dermatomyositis-polymyositis, Cushings
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| Noninvasive thymomas ? | * cytologically benign with a whorl pattern
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| Invasive thymomas ? | * cytologically benign, but can mets..... * see numerous thymocyes, not whorled
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| Thymic Carcinoma ? | * cytologically malignant.... * most are Squamous cell carcinomas
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