male and female
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| Primary reproductive organs are referred to as? | gonads
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| Female gonads are? Male? | ovaries: testes
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| what are the primary roles of the male reproductive system? | production/transportation of sperm, deposition of sperm in female tract, secretion of hormones
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| The process of sperm production is called what? | spermatogenesis
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| What are the primary roles of the female reproductive system? | production of ova, secretion of hormones, and protection/facilitation of the development of the fetus
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| Major functions of the ovaries are: | ovulation and secretion of estrogen/progesterone
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| An ovum can be fertilized up to __ hours after its release | 72
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| define nulliparous | never pregnant
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| What is the squamocolumnar junction? | The junction at which both types of cells from the ectocervix and endocervix meet . This is where optimal cells are to perform an accurate PAP test.
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| The entrance of sperm into the uterus is facilitated by mucus produced by the cervix under the influence of which hormone? | estrogen. (postovulatory cervical mucus, under the influence of progesterone, is thick and inhibits sperm passage)
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| GnRH is released by? | hypothalamus
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| The pituitary gland secretes which hormones? | FSH: females-growth/maturity of ovarian cycle, males-sperm production. LH: ovulation. ICSH: sperm maturation. Prolactin: lactation
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| What is menarche? | first menstrual bleeding
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| What is happening to the hormone levels at menarche? | increased estrogen, increased FSH/LH, and gonadotropin secretion occurs
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| Describe the order of a menstrual cycle: | menses, proliferative phase, ovulation, secretory phase, menses.
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| If fertilization does not occur what happens? | menstruation because of decrease in estrogen and withdrawal of progesterone.
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| Define Menopuase | cessation of menses associated with declining ovarian function.
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| amenorrhea | no menstruation for one year
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| how long is a menstrual cycle? | 21-35 days
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| What are some meds that may cause heavy bleeding during menstruation | IUD, anticoagulants, thiazides
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| A reduction in circulating estrogen and an increase in androgens in postmenopausal women is associated with what? | breast and genital atrophy, reduction in bone mass, increased rate of atherosclorosis
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| what changes take place in men as they age? | increase in prostate, decreased testosterone, decreased sperm production, decreased muscle tone of the scrotum, decrease in size and firmness of the testicles,
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| What should the nurse say when talking with an older adult regarding sexual function? | Emphasize the normalcy of sexual activity in older adults. refer patient to counseling to help patient cope with changes.
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| What to remember when performing an assessment of the reproductive systems: | develop trust, be professional, be sensitive, ask gender neutral ?'s,be aware of patients culture/belief, begin with least sensitive questions first.
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| discuss the effects of mumps and rubella on the reproductive system. | mumps-occurrence of mumps in young men has been associated with an increase in sterility (related to orchitis). Rubella-primary concern to women at child bearing age, if it occurs during first 3 months of pregnancy congenial abnormalities are increased.
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| OTC meds and the reproductive system: | diuretics(edema), psychotropic(interfere with performance), antihypertensives(ED)
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| Long term use of estrogen/progesterone on HRT increase the women's risk of? | cardiovascular disease, stroke, breast cancer in postmenopausal women
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| why is oral contraceptive disease contraindicated in COPD? | because progesterone thickens the mucus
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| what are some screenings that women should undergo? | SBE, mammograms, PAP.
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| What are some screenings that men should undergo? | testicular exams and men over 50 should undergo digital rectal exam and prostate specific antigen testing
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| dyspareunia | painful intercourse
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| metororrhagia | spotting between periods
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| menorrhagia | excessive bleeding with periods
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| pregnancy is usually validated by what hormone? | human chorionic gonadotropic (hCG)
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