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Reproductive system
male and female
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary reproductive organs are referred to as? | gonads |
| Female gonads are? Male? | ovaries: testes |
| what are the primary roles of the male reproductive system? | production/transportation of sperm, deposition of sperm in female tract, secretion of hormones |
| The process of sperm production is called what? | spermatogenesis |
| What are the primary roles of the female reproductive system? | production of ova, secretion of hormones, and protection/facilitation of the development of the fetus |
| Major functions of the ovaries are: | ovulation and secretion of estrogen/progesterone |
| An ovum can be fertilized up to __ hours after its release | 72 |
| define nulliparous | never pregnant |
| What is the squamocolumnar junction? | The junction at which both types of cells from the ectocervix and endocervix meet . This is where optimal cells are to perform an accurate PAP test. |
| The entrance of sperm into the uterus is facilitated by mucus produced by the cervix under the influence of which hormone? | estrogen. (postovulatory cervical mucus, under the influence of progesterone, is thick and inhibits sperm passage) |
| GnRH is released by? | hypothalamus |
| The pituitary gland secretes which hormones? | FSH: females-growth/maturity of ovarian cycle, males-sperm production. LH: ovulation. ICSH: sperm maturation. Prolactin: lactation |
| What is menarche? | first menstrual bleeding |
| What is happening to the hormone levels at menarche? | increased estrogen, increased FSH/LH, and gonadotropin secretion occurs |
| Describe the order of a menstrual cycle: | menses, proliferative phase, ovulation, secretory phase, menses. |
| If fertilization does not occur what happens? | menstruation because of decrease in estrogen and withdrawal of progesterone. |
| Define Menopuase | cessation of menses associated with declining ovarian function. |
| amenorrhea | no menstruation for one year |
| how long is a menstrual cycle? | 21-35 days |
| What are some meds that may cause heavy bleeding during menstruation | IUD, anticoagulants, thiazides |
| A reduction in circulating estrogen and an increase in androgens in postmenopausal women is associated with what? | breast and genital atrophy, reduction in bone mass, increased rate of atherosclorosis |
| what changes take place in men as they age? | increase in prostate, decreased testosterone, decreased sperm production, decreased muscle tone of the scrotum, decrease in size and firmness of the testicles, |
| What should the nurse say when talking with an older adult regarding sexual function? | Emphasize the normalcy of sexual activity in older adults. refer patient to counseling to help patient cope with changes. |
| What to remember when performing an assessment of the reproductive systems: | develop trust, be professional, be sensitive, ask gender neutral ?'s,be aware of patients culture/belief, begin with least sensitive questions first. |
| discuss the effects of mumps and rubella on the reproductive system. | mumps-occurrence of mumps in young men has been associated with an increase in sterility (related to orchitis). Rubella-primary concern to women at child bearing age, if it occurs during first 3 months of pregnancy congenial abnormalities are increased. |
| OTC meds and the reproductive system: | diuretics(edema), psychotropic(interfere with performance), antihypertensives(ED) |
| Long term use of estrogen/progesterone on HRT increase the women's risk of? | cardiovascular disease, stroke, breast cancer in postmenopausal women |
| why is oral contraceptive disease contraindicated in COPD? | because progesterone thickens the mucus |
| what are some screenings that women should undergo? | SBE, mammograms, PAP. |
| What are some screenings that men should undergo? | testicular exams and men over 50 should undergo digital rectal exam and prostate specific antigen testing |
| dyspareunia | painful intercourse |
| metororrhagia | spotting between periods |
| menorrhagia | excessive bleeding with periods |
| pregnancy is usually validated by what hormone? | human chorionic gonadotropic (hCG) |
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