Health Science 1, Ms. Cygul
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are the four types of bones? | Long, short, flat, and irregular
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| What do some scientists recognize as an additional category of the types of bones? | Sesamoid, or round, bones
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| Long bone | Longer than it is wider; humerus
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| Short bone | Wider than they are longer; carpals
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| Flat bone | Flatter than they are rounded; frontal bone, skull, pelvis, sternum
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| Irregular bone | Not long, short or flat; vertebrae
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| Diaphysis | Shaft; hallow tube made of hard compact bone; rigid and strong; light enough to move
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| Medullary cavity | Hallow area inside diaphysis; contains soft, yellow bone marrow
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| Yellow bone marrow | An inactive, fatty form of marrow found in adult skeleton
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| Epiphyses | Ends of bone; red marrow fills small spaces in spongy bone
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| Articular cartilage | Think layer of cartilage that covers each epiphysis; acts like small rubber cushion
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| Periosteum | Strong, fibrous membrane; covers long bone everywhere except where there is articular cartilage
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| Endosteum | Thin membrane that lines medullary cavity
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| What does the structure of flat bones consist of? | Compact bone, cancellous bone, and trabeculae
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| Compact bone | Dense; thin layer that surrounds cancellous bone
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| Cancellous bone | Spongy bone or diploe in flat bone; inside of thin layer of compact bone; contains many spaces that may be filled with marrow
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| Trabeculae | Bony portions of spongy bone that surround open spaces; needle-like threads of spongy bone that surround a network of spaces
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| What are the two major types of connective tissue in bones? | Bone and cartilage
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| How is compact bone organized? | Osteons or haversian systems
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| Osteocytes | Mature bone cells that used to be osteoblasts
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| Osteoblasts | Active bone building cells; eventually surround themselves with new bone and become osteocytes located in lacunae
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| Osteoclasts | Bone-resorbing cells
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| Endochondral ossification | Formed in cartilage; many bones of the body are formed from cartilage models
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| Sinuses | Spaces or cavities inside some cranial bones
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| Mastoiditis | Inflammation of air spaces within mastoid portion of temporal bone
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| Fontanels | Areas where ossification is incomplete at birth
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| Epiphyseal fracture | Epiphyseal is separated from diaphysis or epiphysis; can inhibit normal growth
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| Avulsion fracture | Fragment of bone breaks away from entire bone
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| Osteosarcoma | Most common and serious type of malignant bone neoplasm
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| Chondrosarcoma | Cancer of skeletal hyaline cartilage; second most common cancer
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| Osteoporosis | Loss of calcified bone matrix; reduction in number of trabeculae; bones fracture easily
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| Rickets | Loss of bone minerals in the young, before skeletal maturity; gross skeletal changes; treated with vitamin D
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| Osteomalacia | Loss of bone minerals in mature bones; more chances of getting a fracture; treated with vitamin D
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| Paget disease (osteitis deformans) | Faulty remodeling results in bones that fracture easily; genetic or viral
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| Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone) | Bones are brittle due to lack of organic matrix;
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| Osteomyelitis | Bacterial infection
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| Noninflammatory joint disorders | Sinovial membrane does not get inflamed; local symptoms;
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| Osteoarthritis (DJD) | Most common inflammatory disorder of movable joints; "wear and tear arthritis"
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| Inflammatory joint disorders | Arthritis; synovial membrane becomes inflamed; systematic signs and symptoms
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| Rheumatoid arthritis | Systemic autoimmune disease; chronic inflammation of synovial membrane with involvement of other tissues such as blood vessels, eyes, heart, and lungs
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| Gouty arthritis | Synovial inflammation caused by gout, a condition in which sodium urate crystals form in joints and other tissues
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| Infectious arthritis | Arthritis resulting from infection by a pathogen
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