MedTerm5
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| Sublingual | pertaining to below the tongue
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| Mastication | process of chewing
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| Deglutition | process of swalling food
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| Appendiceal | pertaining to the appendix
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| Appendix | long, thin pouch on the exterior wall of the cecum
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| Defecation | process by which undigested materials and water are removed from the body as a bowel movement.
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| Duodenum | first part of the small intestine. it secretes the hormone cholecystokinin. digestion takes place there, as well as some absorption of nutriets and water.
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| Epiglottis | a lidlike structure. it seals off the entrance to the larynx so that swallowed food moves across the epiglottis and into the esophagus, not into the trachea
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| Esophogus | flexible, muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach.
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| Flatus | gas produced by bacteria that inhabit the large intestine
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| Jejunum | second part of the small intestine. digestion takes place there, as well as some absorption of nutrients and water through the wall of the ileum into the blood.
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| Lactase | milk enzyme
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| Meconium | ****COULDN'T FIND IT IN THE BOOK****
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| Mucosa | mucous membrane that lindes the gastrointestinal system and produces mucus
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| Palate | the hard bone and posterior soft tissues that form the roof of the mouth
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| Pancreas | triangular organ located posterior to the stomach. it secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum.
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| Peristalsis | coordinated contractions
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| Peritoneum | a double-layer serous membrane
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| Pharynx | a passageway for food as well as for inhaled and exhaled air.
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| Rectum | final part of the large intestine. it is a short, straight segment that lies between the sigmoid colon and the anus.
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| Saliva | a lubricant that moistens food as it is chewed and swallowed
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| Salivary Gland | three pairs of glands that secrete saliva into the mouth. saliva is a watery substance that contains the digestive enzyme and amylase
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| Stomach | organ of digestion between the esophagus and the small intestine. the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, gastrin and intrinsic factor.
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| Tongue | large muscle that fills the oral cavity and assists with eating and talking. it contains receptors for the sense of taste
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| Digestion | process of mechanically and chemically breaking down food into nutrients that can be used by the body
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| Anorexia | decreased appetite because of disease or the gastrointestinal side effects of a drug
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| Dysphagia | difficult or painfull eating or swallowing
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| Polyphagia | excessive overeating due to an overactive thryoid gland, diabetes, mellitus, or a psyciatric illness.
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| Stomatitis | inflammation of the oral mucosa.
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| Gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and/or intestines
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| Gastroesophageal | pertaining to the stomach and/or esophagus
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| Hematemesis | the process of vomiting blood
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| Nausea | caused by inflammation or infection of the stomach or by motion sickness.
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| Emesis | expelling of food from the stomach throught the mouth
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| Adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of the stomach that usually begins in glands in the gastric mucosa
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| Peptic Ulcer | chronic irritation, burning pain, and erosion of the mucosa to form an ulcer
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| Malrotation | the action of rotating in the wrong direction
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| Appendicitis | inflammation/infection of the appendix
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| Diverticulosis | condition of multiple diverticula
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| Hemorrhoid | swollen, protruding veins in the rectum or on the skin around the anus
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| Obstipation | the process of having severe constipation
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| Sialolithiasis | ****COULDN'T FIND IT IN THE BOOK****
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| Flatulance | the state of having gas
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| Hematochezia | blood in the feces
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| Incontinence | inability to voluntarily control bowel movements
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| Omphalocele | umbilical hernia that is pesent at birth and is only vocered with peritoneum, without any fat or abdominal skin
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| Ascites | accumulation of ascitic fluid in the abdominopelvic cavity
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| Peritonitis | inflammation/infection of the peritoneum
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| Cirrhoisis | yellowing condition
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| Hepatitis | inflammation/infection of the liver
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| Hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver
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| Hepatosplenomegaly | enlargement of the liver and/or spleen
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| Chloelithiasis | the state of gallstones in the gallbladder
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| Pancreatitis | inflammation/infection of the panreas
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| Ulcerative Colitis | affects the colon and rectum and causes inflammation and ulcers
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| Diarrhea | abnormally frequent, loose, and sometimes watery feces
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| Jaundice | yellowish discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes
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| Postoperative | pertaining to after a surgery is performed
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| Albumin | test for albumin, the major protein molecule in the blood
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| Bilirubin | test for conjugated, conjugated, and total bilirubin levels
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| Barium Enema | procedure that uses liquid radiopaque contrast inserted into the rectum and colon
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| Culture and Sensitivity | test that uses a culture to determine which bacterium is causing an intestinal infection and a sensitivity test to determine which antibiotic drugs it is sensitive to
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| Appendectomy | procedure to remove the appendix because of appendicitis
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| Biopsy | procedure to remove a small piece of tissue from an ulcer, polyp, mass, or tumor
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| Cholecystectomy | procedure to remove the gallbladder
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| Colostomy | procedure to remove the disease part of the colon and create a new opening in the abdominal wall where feces can leave the body
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| Colonoscopy | visualization and examination of the entire colon
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| Laparotomy | process of cutting or making an incision in the abdomen
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| Gastrostomy | process of cutting or making an incision in the stomach
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| Gastroplasty | procedure to treat sever obesity
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| Endoscopy | a flexible, fiber optic scope with a magnifying lens and a light source
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| Heniorrhaphy | procedure that uses sutures to close a defect in the muscle wall where there is a hernia
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| Abdominocentesis | procedure to puncture the abdomen
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| Antacid | treats heartburn by neutralizing acid in the stomach
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| Antibiotic | treats gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria
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| Antidiarrheal | treats diarrhea
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| Antiemetic | treats nausea and vomiting and motion sickness
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| H2 Blocker | treats peptic ulcers by blocking H2 receptors in the stomach that trigger the release of hydrochloric acid
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| Proton Pump Inhibitor | treats heartburn, peptic ulcers, and gastrointestinal reflux disease by blocking the final step in the production of hydrochloric acid
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| ABD | abdomen
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| a.c. | before meals
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| BE | barium enema
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| BM | bowel movement
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| BS | breath sounds
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| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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| GERD | gastro esophageal reflux disease
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| GI | gastrointestinal
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| HAV | Hepatitis A virus
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| HBV | Hepatitis B virus
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| HCV | Hepatitis C virus
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| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease
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| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome
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| LFTS | liver function tests
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| LLQ | left lower quadrant
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| LUQ | left upper quadrant
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| N & V | nausea and vomiting
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| NG | nasogastric
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| NPO | nothing by mouth
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| p.c. | after meals
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| PO | by mouth
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| PUD | peptic ulcer disease
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| RLQ | right lower quadrant
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| RUQ | right upper quadrant
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| UGI | upper gastrointestinal
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