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MedTerm5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sublingual | pertaining to below the tongue |
| Mastication | process of chewing |
| Deglutition | process of swalling food |
| Appendiceal | pertaining to the appendix |
| Appendix | long, thin pouch on the exterior wall of the cecum |
| Defecation | process by which undigested materials and water are removed from the body as a bowel movement. |
| Duodenum | first part of the small intestine. it secretes the hormone cholecystokinin. digestion takes place there, as well as some absorption of nutriets and water. |
| Epiglottis | a lidlike structure. it seals off the entrance to the larynx so that swallowed food moves across the epiglottis and into the esophagus, not into the trachea |
| Esophogus | flexible, muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| Flatus | gas produced by bacteria that inhabit the large intestine |
| Jejunum | second part of the small intestine. digestion takes place there, as well as some absorption of nutrients and water through the wall of the ileum into the blood. |
| Lactase | milk enzyme |
| Meconium | ****COULDN'T FIND IT IN THE BOOK**** |
| Mucosa | mucous membrane that lindes the gastrointestinal system and produces mucus |
| Palate | the hard bone and posterior soft tissues that form the roof of the mouth |
| Pancreas | triangular organ located posterior to the stomach. it secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. |
| Peristalsis | coordinated contractions |
| Peritoneum | a double-layer serous membrane |
| Pharynx | a passageway for food as well as for inhaled and exhaled air. |
| Rectum | final part of the large intestine. it is a short, straight segment that lies between the sigmoid colon and the anus. |
| Saliva | a lubricant that moistens food as it is chewed and swallowed |
| Salivary Gland | three pairs of glands that secrete saliva into the mouth. saliva is a watery substance that contains the digestive enzyme and amylase |
| Stomach | organ of digestion between the esophagus and the small intestine. the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, gastrin and intrinsic factor. |
| Tongue | large muscle that fills the oral cavity and assists with eating and talking. it contains receptors for the sense of taste |
| Digestion | process of mechanically and chemically breaking down food into nutrients that can be used by the body |
| Anorexia | decreased appetite because of disease or the gastrointestinal side effects of a drug |
| Dysphagia | difficult or painfull eating or swallowing |
| Polyphagia | excessive overeating due to an overactive thryoid gland, diabetes, mellitus, or a psyciatric illness. |
| Stomatitis | inflammation of the oral mucosa. |
| Gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and/or intestines |
| Gastroesophageal | pertaining to the stomach and/or esophagus |
| Hematemesis | the process of vomiting blood |
| Nausea | caused by inflammation or infection of the stomach or by motion sickness. |
| Emesis | expelling of food from the stomach throught the mouth |
| Adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of the stomach that usually begins in glands in the gastric mucosa |
| Peptic Ulcer | chronic irritation, burning pain, and erosion of the mucosa to form an ulcer |
| Malrotation | the action of rotating in the wrong direction |
| Appendicitis | inflammation/infection of the appendix |
| Diverticulosis | condition of multiple diverticula |
| Hemorrhoid | swollen, protruding veins in the rectum or on the skin around the anus |
| Obstipation | the process of having severe constipation |
| Sialolithiasis | ****COULDN'T FIND IT IN THE BOOK**** |
| Flatulance | the state of having gas |
| Hematochezia | blood in the feces |
| Incontinence | inability to voluntarily control bowel movements |
| Omphalocele | umbilical hernia that is pesent at birth and is only vocered with peritoneum, without any fat or abdominal skin |
| Ascites | accumulation of ascitic fluid in the abdominopelvic cavity |
| Peritonitis | inflammation/infection of the peritoneum |
| Cirrhoisis | yellowing condition |
| Hepatitis | inflammation/infection of the liver |
| Hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| Hepatosplenomegaly | enlargement of the liver and/or spleen |
| Chloelithiasis | the state of gallstones in the gallbladder |
| Pancreatitis | inflammation/infection of the panreas |
| Ulcerative Colitis | affects the colon and rectum and causes inflammation and ulcers |
| Diarrhea | abnormally frequent, loose, and sometimes watery feces |
| Jaundice | yellowish discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes |
| Postoperative | pertaining to after a surgery is performed |
| Albumin | test for albumin, the major protein molecule in the blood |
| Bilirubin | test for conjugated, conjugated, and total bilirubin levels |
| Barium Enema | procedure that uses liquid radiopaque contrast inserted into the rectum and colon |
| Culture and Sensitivity | test that uses a culture to determine which bacterium is causing an intestinal infection and a sensitivity test to determine which antibiotic drugs it is sensitive to |
| Appendectomy | procedure to remove the appendix because of appendicitis |
| Biopsy | procedure to remove a small piece of tissue from an ulcer, polyp, mass, or tumor |
| Cholecystectomy | procedure to remove the gallbladder |
| Colostomy | procedure to remove the disease part of the colon and create a new opening in the abdominal wall where feces can leave the body |
| Colonoscopy | visualization and examination of the entire colon |
| Laparotomy | process of cutting or making an incision in the abdomen |
| Gastrostomy | process of cutting or making an incision in the stomach |
| Gastroplasty | procedure to treat sever obesity |
| Endoscopy | a flexible, fiber optic scope with a magnifying lens and a light source |
| Heniorrhaphy | procedure that uses sutures to close a defect in the muscle wall where there is a hernia |
| Abdominocentesis | procedure to puncture the abdomen |
| Antacid | treats heartburn by neutralizing acid in the stomach |
| Antibiotic | treats gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria |
| Antidiarrheal | treats diarrhea |
| Antiemetic | treats nausea and vomiting and motion sickness |
| H2 Blocker | treats peptic ulcers by blocking H2 receptors in the stomach that trigger the release of hydrochloric acid |
| Proton Pump Inhibitor | treats heartburn, peptic ulcers, and gastrointestinal reflux disease by blocking the final step in the production of hydrochloric acid |
| ABD | abdomen |
| a.c. | before meals |
| BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| BS | breath sounds |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| GERD | gastro esophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HAV | Hepatitis A virus |
| HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFTS | liver function tests |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| N & V | nausea and vomiting |
| NG | nasogastric |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| p.c. | after meals |
| PO | by mouth |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal |
Created by:
Beckster_Bug
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