chapter 2 - the chemical level of organization
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| show | solids, liquids, gas
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| all forms of matter - living and non-living - are made up a limited number building blocks called? | show 🗑
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| what chemical elements make up about 96% of the body's mass? | show 🗑
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| show | atoms
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| what does the nucleus consisted of? | show 🗑
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| show | electron shells
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| what subatomic particle is also equal to the number of an element's atomic number? | show 🗑
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| show | protons and neutrons
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| radioactive isotopes are unstable and decay. T or F | show 🗑
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| show | isotopes
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| the time required for hald of the radioactive atoms in a sample of that isotope to decay into a more stable form | show 🗑
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| show | 2
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| show | 8
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| what is the maximum amount of electrons the third electron shell can hold? | show 🗑
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| show | dalton
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| show | atomic mass
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| an atom that has either a positive or negative charge because it has an unequal numbers of protons and neutrons | show 🗑
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| the process of giving up or gaining electrons | show 🗑
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| show | molecule
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| a substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements | show 🗑
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| an electrically charged atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell | show 🗑
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| show | antioxidants: selenium, zinc, beta-carotene, vitamins C and E
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| show | chemical bond
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| another name for the outermost shell | show 🗑
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| when is an atom chemically stable? | show 🗑
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| the force of attraction that hold together ions with opposite charges | show 🗑
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| show | cation
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| what is a negatively charged ion called? | show 🗑
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| an ionic compound that breaks apart into positive an negative ions in a solution is called an? | show 🗑
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| where are ionic bonds mainly found? | show 🗑
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| show | covalent
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| when one atoms doesn't attract the shared electrons more strongly than the other atom | show 🗑
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| show | polar covalent bond
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| show | electronegativity
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| show | hydrogen
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| the tendency of like particles to stay together | show 🗑
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| show | potential energy
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| what is the form of energy that is associated with matter in motion? | show 🗑
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| what is the capacity to do work called? | show 🗑
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| show | chemical energy
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| show | law of conservation of energy
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| what type of bond is found most in the body? | show 🗑
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| show | activation energy
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| what two components influence the chance that a collision will occur and cause a chemical reaction? | show 🗑
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| show | covalent bond
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| show | activation energy
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| show | concentration & temperature
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| what are chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur | show 🗑
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| show | synthesis - anabolism
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| A + B --combines to form--> AB | show 🗑
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| what type of chemical reaction occurs when large molecules split up into smaller ions, atoms, and molecules? | show 🗑
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| AB --breaks down into--> A + B | show 🗑
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| show | exchange
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| show | exchange reaction
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| show | reversible
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| AB -breaks down into & combines to form- A+B | show 🗑
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| what is the relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction? | show 🗑
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| show | inorganic compounds
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| show | ionic and covalent
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| show | water
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| show | water
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| solutes that are charged or contain polar covalent bonds | show 🗑
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| molecules that contain mainly nonpolar covalent bonds | show 🗑
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| show | hydrolisis
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| show | mixture
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| show | solutions, colloids, and suspensions
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| what is the difference between a colliod and a solution? | show 🗑
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| show | supsension
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| show | acid
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| what is a substance that removes hydrogen ions from a solution? | show 🗑
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| show | pH scale
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| what is the function of buffer systems? | show 🗑
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| a solution that has more H+ than OH- | show 🗑
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| show | basic (alkaline) solution
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| show | buffers
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| show | carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
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| what functions does water perform in the body? | show 🗑
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| show | carbon skeleton
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| other atoms or molecules that are bound to the hydrocarbon skeleton | show 🗑
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| show | macromolecules
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| show | polymers
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| show | isomers
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| show | carbohydrates
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| how much percent of your body is composed of carbohydrates? | show 🗑
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| show | main source of chemical energy for generating ATP needed to drive metabolic reactions
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| type of sugar that is a building block of DNA and carries inherited genetic information | show 🗑
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| show | carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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| show | monosaccharides, disacharides, polysaccharides
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| show | monosaccharides and disacharides
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| what are examples of monosaccharides? | show 🗑
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| what are examples of disaccharides? | show 🗑
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| show | glycogen, starch, cellulose
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| polysaccharides fromed from glucose by plants | show 🗑
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| polysaccharide found in plants that cannot be digested by humans but does provide bulk to help eliminate feces | show 🗑
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| what percentage of the body's mass is made up of lipids? | show 🗑
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| lipid/protein complexes; are soluble because the proteins are on the outside and the proteins are on the inside | show 🗑
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| what are the most plentiful lipids in your body and diet? | show 🗑
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| what is the function of triglycerides? | show 🗑
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| show | major lipid component of cell membranes
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| show | one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules
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| triglycerides that contain only one single covalent bonds between fatty acid carbon atoms | show 🗑
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| contain fatty acids with one double covalent bond between two fatty acid carbon atoms | show 🗑
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| contain more than one double covalent bond between fatty acid carbon atoms | show 🗑
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