GI Review 2 (CM)
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| A screening colonoscopy in a patient 50 years or older with an average risk of colorectal cancer should be done: | every 10 years*
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| To diagnose acute pancreatitis order | Serum amylase & Lipase*
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| 2-4 wk old infant with intermittent, non-bilious projectile vomiting most likely has? | pyloric stenosis*
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| This is the most frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in 3-12 month old? | intussusception*
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| Always think of Projective Vomiting in young infant | pyloric stenosis
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| Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis is by | UGI series or ultrasound
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| Treatment of pyloric stenosis involves | pyloromyotomy
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| Intestine telescopes in on itself | Intussusception*
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| Bloody bowel movement seen during Intussusception is called | Currant Jelly Stools*
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| This mass is pathognomonic for intussusception | Sausage shaped mass*
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| Hirschsprung Disease is | failure to pass meconium that results in functional obstruction and massive dilation of colon
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| Pathophysiology of intussusception | Invagination of portion of intestine into itself
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| Treatment for Wilm's tumor | surgery
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| Diagnosis for Intussusception is via | Barium enema (is diagnostic and therapeutic)
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| Lanugo | fine hair on the face
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| People on corn (maize) diets | Niacin deficiency (pellagra)*
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| Niacin deficiency AKA | Pellagra*
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| 3 D's of pellagra | Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia*
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| Folate deficiency causes this type of anemia | macrocytic anemia
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| This nutrient plays a key role in nucleic acid synthesis | Folate*
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| Early manifestations of this deficiency include occlusive vascular disease and thrombosis | Folate deficiency
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| Vitamin B1 deficiency AKA | Thiamine deficiency
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| Causes beri beri, mostly in malnourished and alcoholics | Thiamine deficiency (B1)*
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| Thiamine deficiency (B1) manifests with | acute heart failure, neurologic deficits, and epilepsy*
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| Cobalamin deficiency AKA | Vitamin B 12 deficiency*
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| Cobalamin deficiency manifests as this anemia | macrocytic anemia
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| Cobalamin deficiency (Vit B 12) manifests with | peripherial neuropathy, parasthesias & demyelination of the corticospinal tract
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| Vitamin B6 deficiency AKA | Pyridoxine deficiency*
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| Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency presents with | peripheral neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis and cheilosis*
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| Deficiency that causes hemolytic anemia in premature infants | Vitamin E deficiency
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| Define Cullen's sign | Ecchymosis around the umbilicus*
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| Define Grey Turner's sign | Ecchymosis around the flanks*
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| Lisker's sign | Tibial bone tenderness that can sometimes be illicited with DVT*
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| Kehr's sign | Pain in the left shoulder secondary to splenic rupture
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| Abdominal rebound tenderness that indicates peritoneal irritation is what sign | Blumberg's sign
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| This marker is present during the window period of Hep B | HBcAg*
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| The first serological marker to appear in Hep B infection | HBsAg*
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| HBeAg is a marker for | Infectivity with Hep B*
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| Is the hepatitis B core antigen | HBcAG*
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| Is seen at the end of an infection with Hep B and gives immunity | Anti-HBs*
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| History of portal hypertension/ liver disease think | Esophageal varices*
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| Dx & Tx of esophageal varices | Endoscopy
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| Pyrosis is | Heartburn
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| Dysphagia of solids and liquids | Achalasia*
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| 'birds beak' occurs in | Achalasia*
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| Dx of achalasia is made via | Esophageal manometry*
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| Transient cystic duct obstruction | Biliary colic*
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| Female, fertile, forty, fat | Cholelithiasis*
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| Common bile duct stone | Choledocholithiasis*
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| Sustained obstruction of cystic duct | Acute cholecystitis*
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| Skip lesions are found in | Crohn's disease*
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| 'string sign' occurs in | Crohn's disease*
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| Cobblestoning is seen in | Crohn's disease
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| Treatment of Crohn's disease | Sulfasalazine*
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| Dx and Tx of mesenteric ischemia via | Angiography
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| Second most common cancer death in men and women | Colon cancer
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| Apple core lesion on barium enema indicates | Colon cancer*
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| Beri beri is seen in this vitamin deficiency | Thiamine deficiency*
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| Most common complication of portal hypertension | esophageal varices
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| Corkscrew on Barium swallow | Esophageal spasm*
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| Esophageal Cancer associated with smoking | Squamous cell carcinoma*
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| Esophageal Cancer associated with alcohol | Squamous cell carcinoma*
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| Esophageal Cancer associated with Barrett's | Adenocarcinoma*
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| Diagnosis of GERD is by | Barium swallow
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| Diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is by | Upper endoscopy
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| Gastric adenocarcinoma has a strong connection with | H. pylori and smoking
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| First sign of intestinal obstruction is | Hyperactive bowel sounds
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| Diagnosis of celiac disease | Mucosal biopsy*
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| Most common abdominal cancer in children | neuroblastoma*
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| Most common cause of upper GI bleed | PUD*
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| Double bubble sign | Duodenal atresia
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| Hirschsprung's disease AKA | Congenital megacolon*
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| This is caused by the congenital abscense of Meissners and Auerbach's autonomic plexuses enervating the bowel wall | Hirschsprung disease
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| A congenital aganglionosis of the colon | Hirschsprung disease
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| Treatment for ascities | Salt restriction & bed rest*
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| Common complication seen in crohn's disease | Fistulas*
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| MCC of gastroenteritis in children | Rotavirus*
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| MCC of constipation in kids | Functional (voluntary withholding or diet)*
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| Epigastric mass in a child 2-4 weeks old, is most suggestive of | Pyloric stenosis*
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| Pernicious anemia is associated with what cancer | Gastric cancer*
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| Cancers of skin, esophagus or mouth are usually | Squamous cell carcinomas
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| Pain worse after eating, think | Gastric PUD
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| Pain relieved with food or antacids | Duodenal PUD
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| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a | Gastrinoma*
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| Liver drains into the | Hepatic duct
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| Gall bladder drains into the | Cystic duct
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| Pancreas drains into the | pancreatic duct
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| Common bile duct drains into the | duodenum
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| The hepatic duct, cystic duct, & pancreatic duct all drain into the | Common bile duct
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| Two causes of unconjugated bilirubinemia | Hemolysis & Gilberts syndrome
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| Murphy's sign is seen in | Acute cholecystitis*
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| Primary sclerosing cholangitis presents with | Fatigue, jaundice, puritis, pain*
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| Primary sclerosing cholangitis is | Chronic inflammation & fibrosis of the bile ducts
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| Fe overload is associated with | Hemochromatosis*
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| Cu overload is associated with | Wilson's disease*
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| Major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma | Hepatitis B*
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| Hepatitis seen in India, SE and central Asia | Hep E
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| Crohn's disease typically involves the | Terminal ileum & cecum*
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| Air/ fluid levels on abdominal upright KUB | Small bowel obstruction
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| LLQ Pain & mass, fever, leukocytosis indicates | Diverticulitis*
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| Diagnosis of diverticulitis is | Clinical based
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| UC always involves the | Rectum*
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| With Celiac spruce, the patient can eat | CRAP: Corn, Rice, Aeroroot, Potato*
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| Deficiency of vitamin D leads to | Osteomalacia
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| A gastric hormone that activates duodenal/ jejunal receptors to initiate peristalis | motilin
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| What acid base disorder is seen with mesenteric Ischemia | Metabolic acidosis
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| Abdominal pulsatile mass | Abdominal aortic dissection
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| Colicky periumbilical pain that becomes constant in RLQ | Appendicitis*
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| Disease with RUQ pain that radiates to scapula tip | Cholecystitis*
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| + Kehr's sign | Splenic rupture*
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| Left shoulder pain secondary to subdiaphragmatic irritation is due to | splenic rupture*
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| + Lloyd's sign | Pyelonephritis*
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| Signs in pancreatitis | Turner's & Cullen's signs*
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| current recommendation for colon cancer screening | FOBT yearly, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years & colonoscopy every 10 years
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| Inability to hold feces in the rectum | Fecal incontinence
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| The reflux of food and stomach acid back into the mouth, brine-like taste | Regurgitation
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| Absence of bowel activity (and bowel sounds) due to a direct insult to the gut | Paralytic ileus
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| Serous fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, from cardiac or liver disease | Ascites
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| Define Murphy's sign | Pain over the gallbladder as you press as the patient inspires*
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| (+) Murphy's sign | cholecystitis*
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| Point tenderness over McBurney's Point indicates | Appendicitis*
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| Define Psoas sign | Pain as patient raises right leg against resistance
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| Define obturator sign | Pain as you flex patient right hip and internally rotate
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| Define Rovsing sign | Right side pain with left side pressure
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| Inflammatory bowel disease that increases risk for colon cancer | Ulcerative colitis*
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| Tenesmus | Feeling of incomplete evacuation of the rectum
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| Raised tender red purplish nodules seen in IBD | Erythema nodosum
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| Tenesmus is suggestive of | Proctititis
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| 95% of colon cancers are | Adenocarcinomas*
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| Colon cancer metastasizes to the | Liver and then the lung
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| Rectal cancer metastasizes to the | Liver or lung
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| Most common type of Abdominal pain, is | general and/or undiagnosed abdominal pain
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| Cholelithiasis (ultrasound or CT) | ultrasound
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| treat diarrhea with | fluoroquinolone
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| High-sensitivity fecal occult blood test (FOBT), which checks for hidden blood in three consecutive stool samples, should be done | every year (no meat for 5 days)
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| indicates active or ongoing infection Hep B infection | Hepatitis b surface antigen (HBsAg)
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| Most sensitive test for diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia? | A low serum ferritin
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| Antibiotics can cause | C.diff colitis
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| Most common complaint of abused children | Abdominal pain
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| WBCs seldomly over 15,000 | Appendicitis
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| Pyloric Stenosis can develop in | neonates
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| Reynold's pentad indicates | Cholangitis*
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| Reynold's pentad includes | Pain, fever, jaundice, hypotension, & mental confusion
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| Charcot's triad includes | RUQ Pain, fever (>40), jaundice
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| Classic history of painless jaundice is seen in | Pancreatic cancer*
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| Define cholangiocarcinoma | Cancer of bile duct wall
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| 'Beads on a String' is seen in | Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
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| Diverticulosis most commonly affects the | Sigmoid colon*
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| Define acute diarrhea | Less than 6 weeks in duration, mostly due to viral infections
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| Define chronic diarrhea | More than 6 weeks in duration
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| Bulky, frothy, oily stools think | Fat malabsorption
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| Difficulty swallowing | Dysphagia
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| Painful swallowing | Odynophagia
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| Split, tear or erosion in epithelium of anal canal usually due to large or hard to pass stools | Anal fissures*
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| Anal fissure are usually located | Posteriorly*
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| Parietal cell secretes | HCL
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| Sister Mary Joseph nodes are seen in | Gastric cancers*
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| Two most common causes of PUD | H. pylori & NSAIDs
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| Define anal fistula | Abnormal opening between anal canal & perianal skin
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| Painless bleeding after defecation | Internal hemorrhoids
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| Triad of malabsorption disease | Chronic diarrhea, weight loss & nutritional deficiency
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| Gold standard test for malabsorption | Quantitative stool fat test
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| Inflammatory response of small bowel to ingestion of gluten proteins found in wheat, rye, & barley | Celiac disease
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| Cutaneous variant of celiac disease | Dermatitis herpetiformis*
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| Intensely pruritic papulovesicular rash of trunk, scalp, & extremities seen in celiac disease | Dermatitis herpetiformis
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| Most common malignancy associated with celiac disease | Lymphoma
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| Inflammatory disease of small bowel secondary to overgrowth of coliforms | Tropical spruce
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| Hyperparathyroidism can cause this GI issue | Acute pancreatitis
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| Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Melanin spots on the lips, buccal mucosa & tongue and bleeding polypoid lesions in the small intestines
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| Rendu-Osler-Weber | Telangestagias on the face and buccal mucosa and similar lesions in the GI tract
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| Blue - Rubber-Bleb-Nevus | Cavernous hemangiomas of the skin and similar lesions in the small intestines
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| Neurofibromatosis | Café au late pigmentation with peduncalated fibromas and bibromas in the GI tract that may bleed are associated with
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| More than 50% of cases of pill induced esophagitis results from | Tetracycline
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| Describe Markle sign or jar sign | Have patient stand on toes and then drop quickly to heels to find location of abdominal pain
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| Another name for rebound tenderness | Blumberg sign
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| Cullen's sign is associated with | Retroperitoneal bleeding & pancreatitis
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| Pregnancy is associated with improvement in | migranes and PUD
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| Microcytic anemia in a patient that is over 50 year old, think | Colon cancer
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| 40 % of advanced neoplasms in colon are located | Proximal to the splenic flexture
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| Colonoscopy for IBD patients is done | Yearly, 8 years after diagnosis
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| Alcoholic fatty liver presents with | RUQ pain, tender hepatomegaly and elevated transaminase levels
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| Inflammatory polyps are associated with which IBD | Ulcerative colitis
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| Define esophageal varices | Dilated submucosal veins in lower esophagus
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| Hematemesis with severe retrosternal 'tearing' pain | Boerhaave's syndrome
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| Complains of dysphagia/ odynophagia; get an | Endoscope (EGD)
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| Nonpropulsive hyperperistalysis of esophagus | Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES)
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| Schatzki rings | Smooth, circumferential structures in the distal esophagus
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| Esophageal web may result from | Iron deficiency anemia
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| White male with long standing GERD | Barrett's esophagus
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| Treat Barrett's with | Long term PPIs / ablation
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| Best test & most cost effective for H. pylori diagnosis | Stool antigen*
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| H. pylori treatment | Amoxicillin, clarithromycin & a PPI*
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| H. pylori treatment for PCN allergic patient | Metronidazole, clarithromycin & a PPI*
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| Zollinger Ellison syndrome is seen with | Recurrent PUD, PUD with hypercalcemia and a serum gastrin level above 150
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| Most common cancer world wide | Gastric cancer*
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| Peptic ulcer disease where patients lose weight | Gastric ulcer disease
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| Peptic ulcer disease where patients gain weight | Duodenal ulcer disease
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| Jaundice occurs at a total bili of | Above 3
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| labs in Gilbert's disease show | Increased total bili, increased indirect, decreased direct
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| Primary sclerosing cholangitis is often associated with | UC (IBD)*
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| Most common etiologies of acute pancreatitis | Gallstones & ETOH abuse
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| Helpful tumor marker for pancreatic cancer | CA 19-9*
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| Painless jaundice | Pancreatic cancer*
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| Treatment for hemochromatosis | Weekly phlebotomy
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| Kay-Fleischer ring on eye exam | Wilson's disease
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| Treat Wilson's disease with | Penicillamine
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| ALT >> AST (20 times elevated) | Viral hepatitis
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| Most common indicator for liver transplant | Hep C*
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| Most common blood borne infection | Hep C*
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| Leading cause of chronic liver failure | Hep C*
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| Most common metastatic cancer | Hepatocellular neoplasm*
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| Tumor marker for Hepatocellular neoplasm | AFP*
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| Patients with celiac spruce cannot eat | NO BROW: Barley, rye, oats wheat
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| MCC of lower GI painless bleeding in patients above 50 | Diverticular hemorrhage*
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| Most common area for diverticulosis | Sigmoid colon*
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| Second most common cause of cancer death | Colon cancer*
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| Indirect inguinal hernia | Goes through the internal inguinal ring
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| Direct inguinal hernia | Through the back wall of the inguinal canal
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| Femoral hernia | Protrusion through the femoral ring
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| Hiatal hernia | Stomach/ intestines protrudes into chest cavity through diaphragm defect
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| Hemochromatosis trait is | Autosomal recessive
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| Hemophilia A & B trait is | X linked recessive
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| Child swallowed Drano, what to do | Lavage (anything toxic)*
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| Cell change in Barrett's esophagus is from | Squamous to columnar epithelium
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| Outpouching of the upper esophagus | Zenker's diverticulum
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| Rosary bead appearance in esophagus | Diffuse esophageal spasm
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| Tumor marker for pancreas | CA 19-9*
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| Tumor marker for liver | AFP*
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| Tumor marker for colon | CEA*
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| Tumor marker for ovarian | CA 125*
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| Tumor marker for prostate | PSA*
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| Which types of hepatitis are acute | Hepatitis A & E
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| Which types of hepatitis can become chronic | Hepatitis B, C & D
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| Which types of hepatitis are transmitted via the fecal oral route | Hepatitis A & E
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| Which types of hepatitis are transmitted by blood & body fluids | Hepatitis B, C & D
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| Tumor marker for seminoma testicular cancer | HCG*
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| Tumor marker for non-seminoma testicular cancer | AFP*
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| Best test to evaluate the livers synthetic functions | Prothrombin time & INR
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| Diabetes in a young person with a GI complaint | gastroparesis
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| common causes of food-borne toxin-induced diarrhea | Staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, and bacillus cereus
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| Daycare associated diarrheal illness | rotavirus
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| vitamin B2 aka | riboflavin
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| Cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure with a high cardiac output is associated with a deficiency of | thiamin (vitamin B1)
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| H2-Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs) include | Cimetidine, ranitidine, Famotidine & nizatidine
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| MOA of H2-Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs) | Inhibit gastric secreation by blocking histamine (H2) receptors on parietal cell
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| uses of H2-Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs) | Dyspesis, GERD, PUD
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| ADRs of Cimetidine | drug fever, ED & gynecomastia
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| Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) include | Omeprazole, lansoprazole
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| MOA of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) | Inhibits parietal cell H/K ATP pump
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| PPIs should be administered | 30 to 60 minutes before first meal
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| uses of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) | GERD, PUD, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, H. pylori
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| ADRs of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) | iron deficient & pernicious anemia, fractures
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| Four neurotransmitter sites important in the vomiting reflex | Inner ear (M1: Muscarinic; H1: Histamine) & Systemic (D2: dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine 3: serotonin)
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| uses of Dimenhydrinate (dramamine) | motion sickness
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| All febrile patients admitted with ascites must have this performed | Abdominal paracentesis
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| Diagnosis of Mallory Weiss tear with | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
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| Esophageal varices presents with | Hematemesis, melena & hematochezia
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| Treat esophageal varices with | EGD, variceal banding; Sclerotherapy
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| Long term treatment of esophageal varices | Beta blockers, No ETOH
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| Boerhaave's syndrome is secondary to | Instrumentation (EGD)
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| Pill induced esophagitis caused by | NSAIDs, KCl, Alendronate (Bisphosphonate) Doxy (tetracyclines)
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| Treat Achalasia with | Botox injections at LES, myotomy
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| Diagnosis Zenker's Diverticulum with | Barium esophagram
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| Esophageal web causes connective tissue effect called | Plummer Vinson syndrome
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| Treat esophageal web by | Treating iron deficiency anemia
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| Diagnosis for esophageal cancer | Endoscopy with biopsy
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| 50% of patients with GERD develop | Reflux esophagitis
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| GERD presents with | Heartburn, regurgitation, nausea, throat irritation & cough
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| Heartburn exacerbated by meals, bending over, recumbency, relaxes LES & weight gain | GERD
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| Workup for GERD | 4 weeks on PPIs, test for H pylori
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| Complicated disease or alarm symptoms with GERD | GI bleeding, anemia, dysphagia, odynophagia, wt. loss, NSAID use, ulcer disease
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| In unresolved GERD do | Endoscopy, pH monitoring, fundoplication
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| Screening in Barrett's | Endoscopy every 3 - 5 years
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| EGD shows orange/ salmon colored changes to mucosa | Barrett's esophagus
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| Most common PUD | Duodenal
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| Age for duodenal peptic ulcer disease | 30 - 55 y/o
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| Age for gastric ulcer diseased | 50 - 70 y/o
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||||
| PUD is more common in | NSAID and H. pylori infection
🗑
|
||||
| Risk factors for NSAID Gastropathy | Age, Hx PUD/ bleed, NSAID overuse, concomitant corticosteroid tx
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| Red flags to get and EGD | Anemia, weight loss, + hemoccult stools, hematemesis, melena, persistent vomiting, dysphagia
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| Treatment for PUD if under 50 and no red flags | PPI for 4 weeks, check H. pylori
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| Gold standard diagnosis for PUD | Endoscopy (EGD)
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| Do not have to rescope this ulcer | Duodenal ulcer
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| Treatment for gastric ulcer | PPI bid for 1 month; PPI qd for 1 month; and rescope after 6 -8 weeks
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| Complications of PUD | Perforation, gastric outlet obstruction, bleeding
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|
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| Normal level of total bilirubin | 0.2 - 1.2
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|
||||
| Elevated bilirubin levels are due to | Abnormal formation, transport, metabolism & excretion
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|
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| Bilirubin levels in Choledocholithiasis | Increased total bili, increased direct, decreased indirect
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|
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| Most common stones in Cholelithiasis | Cholesterol
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|
||||
| Common symptom of biliary colic | Nocturnal pain
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|
||||
| Acute cholecystitis presents with | Intense persistent pain, n/v, fever, murphy's sign
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|
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| Acute cholecystitis labs show | Leukocytosis with a left shift
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|
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| Female with generalized fatigue, jaundice & puritis | Primary biliary cirrhosis
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|
||||
| Diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis by | Liver biopsy, + AMA (anti-mitochondrial antibody)
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|
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| Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis | Bile acid sequestrates (URSOdiol), transplant
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|
||||
| Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis | Increased AST/ALT, + ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), + ASMA (anti-smooth muscle antibody)
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|
||||
| Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis | Prednisone/ immunomodulators (azathioprine)
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|
||||
| PSC leads to | End stage liver failure
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|
||||
| Nontender palpable gallbladder with history of weight loss | Cholangiocarcinoma
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|
||||
| Klatskin tumor most commonly occurs at | Junction of right & left main hepatic ducts
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|
||||
| Cancer associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis | Cholangiocarcinoma
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|
||||
| Meds that cause acute pancreatitis | Azathioprine, pentamide, valproate, thiazides
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|
||||
| Acute pancreatitis presents with | Sever epigastric pain, n/v, tachycardia, orthostasis, dehydration, hypotension
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|
||||
| Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis | Increased serum amylase & lipase, leukocytosis with left shift, CT
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|
||||
| ICU admission of acute pancreatitis if | AMS, hypoxemia, HCT >50, oliguria, tachycardia with hypotension
🗑
|
||||
| Ranson's criteria is for | Necrotizing pancreatitis
🗑
|
||||
| Ranson's criteria includes | Age > 55, WBC > 16,000, BS > 200, LDH > 350, AST >250 & low serum calcium
🗑
|
||||
| Most common area of pancreatic cancer | Head of pancreas
🗑
|
||||
| Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer with | CT & CA 19-9
🗑
|
||||
| Pancreatic cancer presents with | Vague epigastric pain straight through to the back, painless jaundice, weight loss, anorexia
🗑
|
||||
| Hep A infection possible if patient has | Foreign travel, flooded area of US, or poor sanitation
🗑
|
||||
| Vaccinated patient to Hep B will show positive to | Anti HBsAg only
🗑
|
||||
| Immunity (recovered) patient to Hep B shows | + Anti HBsAg; + Anti HBcAg; (+/-) Anti-HBe
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic active Hep B shows | (+) HBsAg; (+) Anti HBsAg; (+) Anti-HBe
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic active infections of Hep B | (+) HBsAg, (+) Anti-HBcAg,(+) HBeAg
🗑
|
||||
| Always done to confirm Hep C | liver biopsy
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment for Hep C | Pegylated interferon with ribavirin
🗑
|
||||
| MCC of cirrhosis | Alcoholic hepatitis
🗑
|
||||
| Confirm non-alcoholic fatty liver (NASH) with | Liver biopsy
🗑
|
||||
| Hepatocellular neoplasm mets to | Lung, colon, breast & prostate
🗑
|
||||
| Manage Crohn's or UC with | Aminosalicylates/ 5ASA (mesalamine) to Immunomodulators (azathioprine) to biologics
🗑
|
||||
| Risk of infection with disease with IBD meds with | Immunomodulators/ biologics
🗑
|
||||
| Biological therapies include | Remicade, humira, cimzia
🗑
|
||||
| Aminosalicylates/ 5ASAs include | sulfasalazine
🗑
|
||||
| ADR of Azothioprine (Imuran) | Pancreatitis, check LFTs/CBC every 90 days
🗑
|
||||
| Immunomodulators used in IBD | Azothioprine (Imuran)
🗑
|
||||
| MCC of small bowel obstruction | Previous surgery (adhesions)
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment for small bowel obstruction | NG tube, Bowel rest
🗑
|
||||
| 50 y/o with history of atherosclerotic heart disease, hypoperfusion of the bowel vasculature | mesenteric ischemia
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary to removal of small intestines | Short bowel syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| If more than 50 cm of Ilium is resected patient needs | Monthly B-12 injection
🗑
|
||||
| Acute, painless, large volume maroon or BRB in pt. > 50 y/o | Diverticular hemorrhage
🗑
|
||||
| Treat diverticular hemorrhage with | Metronidazole & ciprofloxacin for 10 -14 days
🗑
|
||||
| Precedes most colon cancers | Adenomas
🗑
|
||||
| Hernia with a history of previous surgery | Incisional
🗑
|
||||
| Causes of lower GI bleed in patients < 50 | Infectious colitis, IBD, fissures, hemorrhoids
🗑
|
||||
| Group A streptococcus pharyngitis presents with | Fever, absences of cough, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, & tonsiller exudates
🗑
|
||||
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis leads to | Cholestatic liver disease
🗑
|
||||
| SE of cimetidine (Tagamet) | HAs, Dizziness, skin rashes, loss of libido & gynocomastia
🗑
|
||||
| Secretin inhibits | Release of gastrin
🗑
|
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