Hirschsprung Disease is

failure to pass meconium that results in functional obstruction and massive dilation of colon

Pathophysiology of intussusception

Invagination of portion of intestine into itself

Diagnosis for Intussusception is via

Barium enema (is diagnostic and therapeutic)

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia*

Thiamine deficiency (B1) manifests with

acute heart failure, neurologic deficits, and epilepsy*

Cobalamin deficiency (Vit B 12) manifests with

peripherial neuropathy, parasthesias & demyelination of the corticospinal tract

Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency presents with

peripheral neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis and cheilosis*

Ecchymosis around the umbilicus*

Tibial bone tenderness that can sometimes be illicited with DVT*

Pain in the left shoulder secondary to splenic rupture

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GI Review 2 (CM)

Question	Answer
A screening colonoscopy in a patient 50 years or older with an average risk of colorectal cancer should be done:	every 10 years*
To diagnose acute pancreatitis order	Serum amylase & Lipase*
2-4 wk old infant with intermittent, non-bilious projectile vomiting most likely has?	pyloric stenosis*
This is the most frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in 3-12 month old?	intussusception*
Always think of Projective Vomiting in young infant	pyloric stenosis
Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis is by	UGI series or ultrasound
Treatment of pyloric stenosis involves	pyloromyotomy
Intestine telescopes in on itself	Intussusception*
Bloody bowel movement seen during Intussusception is called	Currant Jelly Stools*
This mass is pathognomonic for intussusception	Sausage shaped mass*
Hirschsprung Disease is	failure to pass meconium that results in functional obstruction and massive dilation of colon
Pathophysiology of intussusception	Invagination of portion of intestine into itself
Treatment for Wilm's tumor	surgery
Diagnosis for Intussusception is via	Barium enema (is diagnostic and therapeutic)
Lanugo	fine hair on the face
People on corn (maize) diets	Niacin deficiency (pellagra)*
Niacin deficiency AKA	Pellagra*
3 D's of pellagra	Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia*
Folate deficiency causes this type of anemia	macrocytic anemia
This nutrient plays a key role in nucleic acid synthesis	Folate*
Early manifestations of this deficiency include occlusive vascular disease and thrombosis	Folate deficiency
Vitamin B1 deficiency AKA	Thiamine deficiency
Causes beri beri, mostly in malnourished and alcoholics	Thiamine deficiency (B1)*
Thiamine deficiency (B1) manifests with	acute heart failure, neurologic deficits, and epilepsy*
Cobalamin deficiency AKA	Vitamin B 12 deficiency*
Cobalamin deficiency manifests as this anemia	macrocytic anemia
Cobalamin deficiency (Vit B 12) manifests with	peripherial neuropathy, parasthesias & demyelination of the corticospinal tract
Vitamin B6 deficiency AKA	Pyridoxine deficiency*
Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency presents with	peripheral neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis and cheilosis*
Deficiency that causes hemolytic anemia in premature infants	Vitamin E deficiency
Define Cullen's sign	Ecchymosis around the umbilicus*
Define Grey Turner's sign	Ecchymosis around the flanks*
Lisker's sign	Tibial bone tenderness that can sometimes be illicited with DVT*
Kehr's sign	Pain in the left shoulder secondary to splenic rupture
Abdominal rebound tenderness that indicates peritoneal irritation is what sign	Blumberg's sign
This marker is present during the window period of Hep B	HBcAg*
The first serological marker to appear in Hep B infection	HBsAg*
HBeAg is a marker for	Infectivity with Hep B*
Is the hepatitis B core antigen	HBcAG*
Is seen at the end of an infection with Hep B and gives immunity	Anti-HBs*
History of portal hypertension/ liver disease think	Esophageal varices*
Dx & Tx of esophageal varices	Endoscopy
Pyrosis is	Heartburn
Dysphagia of solids and liquids	Achalasia*
'birds beak' occurs in	Achalasia*
Dx of achalasia is made via	Esophageal manometry*
Transient cystic duct obstruction	Biliary colic*
Female, fertile, forty, fat	Cholelithiasis*
Common bile duct stone	Choledocholithiasis*
Sustained obstruction of cystic duct	Acute cholecystitis*
Skip lesions are found in	Crohn's disease*
'string sign' occurs in	Crohn's disease*
Cobblestoning is seen in	Crohn's disease
Treatment of Crohn's disease	Sulfasalazine*
Dx and Tx of mesenteric ischemia via	Angiography
Second most common cancer death in men and women	Colon cancer
Apple core lesion on barium enema indicates	Colon cancer*
Beri beri is seen in this vitamin deficiency	Thiamine deficiency*
Most common complication of portal hypertension	esophageal varices
Corkscrew on Barium swallow	Esophageal spasm*
Esophageal Cancer associated with smoking	Squamous cell carcinoma*
Esophageal Cancer associated with alcohol	Squamous cell carcinoma*
Esophageal Cancer associated with Barrett's	Adenocarcinoma*
Diagnosis of GERD is by	Barium swallow
Diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is by	Upper endoscopy
Gastric adenocarcinoma has a strong connection with	H. pylori and smoking
First sign of intestinal obstruction is	Hyperactive bowel sounds
Diagnosis of celiac disease	Mucosal biopsy*
Most common abdominal cancer in children	neuroblastoma*
Most common cause of upper GI bleed	PUD*
Double bubble sign	Duodenal atresia
Hirschsprung's disease AKA	Congenital megacolon*
This is caused by the congenital abscense of Meissners and Auerbach's autonomic plexuses enervating the bowel wall	Hirschsprung disease
A congenital aganglionosis of the colon	Hirschsprung disease
Treatment for ascities	Salt restriction & bed rest*
Common complication seen in crohn's disease	Fistulas*
MCC of gastroenteritis in children	Rotavirus*
MCC of constipation in kids	Functional (voluntary withholding or diet)*
Epigastric mass in a child 2-4 weeks old, is most suggestive of	Pyloric stenosis*
Pernicious anemia is associated with what cancer	Gastric cancer*
Cancers of skin, esophagus or mouth are usually	Squamous cell carcinomas
Pain worse after eating, think	Gastric PUD
Pain relieved with food or antacids	Duodenal PUD
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a	Gastrinoma*
Liver drains into the	Hepatic duct
Gall bladder drains into the	Cystic duct
Pancreas drains into the	pancreatic duct
Common bile duct drains into the	duodenum
The hepatic duct, cystic duct, & pancreatic duct all drain into the	Common bile duct
Two causes of unconjugated bilirubinemia	Hemolysis & Gilberts syndrome
Murphy's sign is seen in	Acute cholecystitis*
Primary sclerosing cholangitis presents with	Fatigue, jaundice, puritis, pain*
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is	Chronic inflammation & fibrosis of the bile ducts
Fe overload is associated with	Hemochromatosis*
Cu overload is associated with	Wilson's disease*
Major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma	Hepatitis B*
Hepatitis seen in India, SE and central Asia	Hep E
Crohn's disease typically involves the	Terminal ileum & cecum*
Air/ fluid levels on abdominal upright KUB	Small bowel obstruction
LLQ Pain & mass, fever, leukocytosis indicates	Diverticulitis*
Diagnosis of diverticulitis is	Clinical based
UC always involves the	Rectum*
With Celiac spruce, the patient can eat	CRAP: Corn, Rice, Aeroroot, Potato*
Deficiency of vitamin D leads to	Osteomalacia
A gastric hormone that activates duodenal/ jejunal receptors to initiate peristalis	motilin
What acid base disorder is seen with mesenteric Ischemia	Metabolic acidosis
Abdominal pulsatile mass	Abdominal aortic dissection
Colicky periumbilical pain that becomes constant in RLQ	Appendicitis*
Disease with RUQ pain that radiates to scapula tip	Cholecystitis*
+ Kehr's sign	Splenic rupture*
Left shoulder pain secondary to subdiaphragmatic irritation is due to	splenic rupture*
+ Lloyd's sign	Pyelonephritis*
Signs in pancreatitis	Turner's & Cullen's signs*
current recommendation for colon cancer screening	FOBT yearly, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years & colonoscopy every 10 years
Inability to hold feces in the rectum	Fecal incontinence
The reflux of food and stomach acid back into the mouth, brine-like taste	Regurgitation
Absence of bowel activity (and bowel sounds) due to a direct insult to the gut	Paralytic ileus
Serous fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, from cardiac or liver disease	Ascites
Define Murphy's sign	Pain over the gallbladder as you press as the patient inspires*
(+) Murphy's sign	cholecystitis*
Point tenderness over McBurney's Point indicates	Appendicitis*
Define Psoas sign	Pain as patient raises right leg against resistance
Define obturator sign	Pain as you flex patient right hip and internally rotate
Define Rovsing sign	Right side pain with left side pressure
Inflammatory bowel disease that increases risk for colon cancer	Ulcerative colitis*
Tenesmus	Feeling of incomplete evacuation of the rectum
Raised tender red purplish nodules seen in IBD	Erythema nodosum
Tenesmus is suggestive of	Proctititis
95% of colon cancers are	Adenocarcinomas*
Colon cancer metastasizes to the	Liver and then the lung
Rectal cancer metastasizes to the	Liver or lung
Most common type of Abdominal pain, is	general and/or undiagnosed abdominal pain
Cholelithiasis (ultrasound or CT)	ultrasound
treat diarrhea with	fluoroquinolone
High-sensitivity fecal occult blood test (FOBT), which checks for hidden blood in three consecutive stool samples, should be done	every year (no meat for 5 days)
indicates active or ongoing infection Hep B infection	Hepatitis b surface antigen (HBsAg)
Most sensitive test for diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia?	A low serum ferritin
Antibiotics can cause	C.diff colitis
Most common complaint of abused children	Abdominal pain
WBCs seldomly over 15,000	Appendicitis
Pyloric Stenosis can develop in	neonates
Reynold's pentad indicates	Cholangitis*
Reynold's pentad includes	Pain, fever, jaundice, hypotension, & mental confusion
Charcot's triad includes	RUQ Pain, fever (>40), jaundice
Classic history of painless jaundice is seen in	Pancreatic cancer*
Define cholangiocarcinoma	Cancer of bile duct wall
'Beads on a String' is seen in	Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
Diverticulosis most commonly affects the	Sigmoid colon*
Define acute diarrhea	Less than 6 weeks in duration, mostly due to viral infections
Define chronic diarrhea	More than 6 weeks in duration
Bulky, frothy, oily stools think	Fat malabsorption
Difficulty swallowing	Dysphagia
Painful swallowing	Odynophagia
Split, tear or erosion in epithelium of anal canal usually due to large or hard to pass stools	Anal fissures*
Anal fissure are usually located	Posteriorly*
Parietal cell secretes	HCL
Sister Mary Joseph nodes are seen in	Gastric cancers*
Two most common causes of PUD	H. pylori & NSAIDs
Define anal fistula	Abnormal opening between anal canal & perianal skin
Painless bleeding after defecation	Internal hemorrhoids
Triad of malabsorption disease	Chronic diarrhea, weight loss & nutritional deficiency
Gold standard test for malabsorption	Quantitative stool fat test
Inflammatory response of small bowel to ingestion of gluten proteins found in wheat, rye, & barley	Celiac disease
Cutaneous variant of celiac disease	Dermatitis herpetiformis*
Intensely pruritic papulovesicular rash of trunk, scalp, & extremities seen in celiac disease	Dermatitis herpetiformis
Most common malignancy associated with celiac disease	Lymphoma
Inflammatory disease of small bowel secondary to overgrowth of coliforms	Tropical spruce
Hyperparathyroidism can cause this GI issue	Acute pancreatitis
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome	Melanin spots on the lips, buccal mucosa & tongue and bleeding polypoid lesions in the small intestines
Rendu-Osler-Weber	Telangestagias on the face and buccal mucosa and similar lesions in the GI tract
Blue - Rubber-Bleb-Nevus	Cavernous hemangiomas of the skin and similar lesions in the small intestines
Neurofibromatosis	Café au late pigmentation with peduncalated fibromas and bibromas in the GI tract that may bleed are associated with
More than 50% of cases of pill induced esophagitis results from	Tetracycline
Describe Markle sign or jar sign	Have patient stand on toes and then drop quickly to heels to find location of abdominal pain
Another name for rebound tenderness	Blumberg sign
Cullen's sign is associated with	Retroperitoneal bleeding & pancreatitis
Pregnancy is associated with improvement in	migranes and PUD
Microcytic anemia in a patient that is over 50 year old, think	Colon cancer
40 % of advanced neoplasms in colon are located	Proximal to the splenic flexture
Colonoscopy for IBD patients is done	Yearly, 8 years after diagnosis
Alcoholic fatty liver presents with	RUQ pain, tender hepatomegaly and elevated transaminase levels
Inflammatory polyps are associated with which IBD	Ulcerative colitis
Define esophageal varices	Dilated submucosal veins in lower esophagus
Hematemesis with severe retrosternal 'tearing' pain	Boerhaave's syndrome
Complains of dysphagia/ odynophagia; get an	Endoscope (EGD)
Nonpropulsive hyperperistalysis of esophagus	Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES)
Schatzki rings	Smooth, circumferential structures in the distal esophagus
Esophageal web may result from	Iron deficiency anemia
White male with long standing GERD	Barrett's esophagus
Treat Barrett's with	Long term PPIs / ablation
Best test & most cost effective for H. pylori diagnosis	Stool antigen*
H. pylori treatment	Amoxicillin, clarithromycin & a PPI*
H. pylori treatment for PCN allergic patient	Metronidazole, clarithromycin & a PPI*
Zollinger Ellison syndrome is seen with	Recurrent PUD, PUD with hypercalcemia and a serum gastrin level above 150
Most common cancer world wide	Gastric cancer*
Peptic ulcer disease where patients lose weight	Gastric ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease where patients gain weight	Duodenal ulcer disease
Jaundice occurs at a total bili of	Above 3
labs in Gilbert's disease show	Increased total bili, increased indirect, decreased direct
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is often associated with	UC (IBD)*
Most common etiologies of acute pancreatitis	Gallstones & ETOH abuse
Helpful tumor marker for pancreatic cancer	CA 19-9*
Painless jaundice	Pancreatic cancer*
Treatment for hemochromatosis	Weekly phlebotomy
Kay-Fleischer ring on eye exam	Wilson's disease
Treat Wilson's disease with	Penicillamine
ALT >> AST (20 times elevated)	Viral hepatitis
Most common indicator for liver transplant	Hep C*
Most common blood borne infection	Hep C*
Leading cause of chronic liver failure	Hep C*
Most common metastatic cancer	Hepatocellular neoplasm*
Tumor marker for Hepatocellular neoplasm	AFP*
Patients with celiac spruce cannot eat	NO BROW: Barley, rye, oats wheat
MCC of lower GI painless bleeding in patients above 50	Diverticular hemorrhage*
Most common area for diverticulosis	Sigmoid colon*
Second most common cause of cancer death	Colon cancer*
Indirect inguinal hernia	Goes through the internal inguinal ring
Direct inguinal hernia	Through the back wall of the inguinal canal
Femoral hernia	Protrusion through the femoral ring
Hiatal hernia	Stomach/ intestines protrudes into chest cavity through diaphragm defect
Hemochromatosis trait is	Autosomal recessive
Hemophilia A & B trait is	X linked recessive
Child swallowed Drano, what to do	Lavage (anything toxic)*
Cell change in Barrett's esophagus is from	Squamous to columnar epithelium
Outpouching of the upper esophagus	Zenker's diverticulum
Rosary bead appearance in esophagus	Diffuse esophageal spasm
Tumor marker for pancreas	CA 19-9*
Tumor marker for liver	AFP*
Tumor marker for colon	CEA*
Tumor marker for ovarian	CA 125*
Tumor marker for prostate	PSA*
Which types of hepatitis are acute	Hepatitis A & E
Which types of hepatitis can become chronic	Hepatitis B, C & D
Which types of hepatitis are transmitted via the fecal oral route	Hepatitis A & E
Which types of hepatitis are transmitted by blood & body fluids	Hepatitis B, C & D
Tumor marker for seminoma testicular cancer	HCG*
Tumor marker for non-seminoma testicular cancer	AFP*
Best test to evaluate the livers synthetic functions	Prothrombin time & INR
Diabetes in a young person with a GI complaint	gastroparesis
common causes of food-borne toxin-induced diarrhea	Staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, and bacillus cereus
Daycare associated diarrheal illness	rotavirus
vitamin B2 aka	riboflavin
Cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure with a high cardiac output is associated with a deficiency of	thiamin (vitamin B1)
H2-Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs) include	Cimetidine, ranitidine, Famotidine & nizatidine
MOA of H2-Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs)	Inhibit gastric secreation by blocking histamine (H2) receptors on parietal cell
uses of H2-Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs)	Dyspesis, GERD, PUD
ADRs of Cimetidine	drug fever, ED & gynecomastia
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) include	Omeprazole, lansoprazole
MOA of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)	Inhibits parietal cell H/K ATP pump
PPIs should be administered	30 to 60 minutes before first meal
uses of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)	GERD, PUD, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, H. pylori
ADRs of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)	iron deficient & pernicious anemia, fractures
Four neurotransmitter sites important in the vomiting reflex	Inner ear (M1: Muscarinic; H1: Histamine) & Systemic (D2: dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine 3: serotonin)
uses of Dimenhydrinate (dramamine)	motion sickness
All febrile patients admitted with ascites must have this performed	Abdominal paracentesis
Diagnosis of Mallory Weiss tear with	Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Esophageal varices presents with	Hematemesis, melena & hematochezia
Treat esophageal varices with	EGD, variceal banding; Sclerotherapy
Long term treatment of esophageal varices	Beta blockers, No ETOH
Boerhaave's syndrome is secondary to	Instrumentation (EGD)
Pill induced esophagitis caused by	NSAIDs, KCl, Alendronate (Bisphosphonate) Doxy (tetracyclines)
Treat Achalasia with	Botox injections at LES, myotomy
Diagnosis Zenker's Diverticulum with	Barium esophagram
Esophageal web causes connective tissue effect called	Plummer Vinson syndrome
Treat esophageal web by	Treating iron deficiency anemia
Diagnosis for esophageal cancer	Endoscopy with biopsy
50% of patients with GERD develop	Reflux esophagitis
GERD presents with	Heartburn, regurgitation, nausea, throat irritation & cough
Heartburn exacerbated by meals, bending over, recumbency, relaxes LES & weight gain	GERD
Workup for GERD	4 weeks on PPIs, test for H pylori
Complicated disease or alarm symptoms with GERD	GI bleeding, anemia, dysphagia, odynophagia, wt. loss, NSAID use, ulcer disease
In unresolved GERD do	Endoscopy, pH monitoring, fundoplication
Screening in Barrett's	Endoscopy every 3 - 5 years
EGD shows orange/ salmon colored changes to mucosa	Barrett's esophagus
Most common PUD	Duodenal
Age for duodenal peptic ulcer disease	30 - 55 y/o
Age for gastric ulcer diseased	50 - 70 y/o
PUD is more common in	NSAID and H. pylori infection
Risk factors for NSAID Gastropathy	Age, Hx PUD/ bleed, NSAID overuse, concomitant corticosteroid tx
Red flags to get and EGD	Anemia, weight loss, + hemoccult stools, hematemesis, melena, persistent vomiting, dysphagia
Treatment for PUD if under 50 and no red flags	PPI for 4 weeks, check H. pylori
Gold standard diagnosis for PUD	Endoscopy (EGD)
Do not have to rescope this ulcer	Duodenal ulcer
Treatment for gastric ulcer	PPI bid for 1 month; PPI qd for 1 month; and rescope after 6 -8 weeks
Complications of PUD	Perforation, gastric outlet obstruction, bleeding
Normal level of total bilirubin	0.2 - 1.2
Elevated bilirubin levels are due to	Abnormal formation, transport, metabolism & excretion
Bilirubin levels in Choledocholithiasis	Increased total bili, increased direct, decreased indirect
Most common stones in Cholelithiasis	Cholesterol
Common symptom of biliary colic	Nocturnal pain
Acute cholecystitis presents with	Intense persistent pain, n/v, fever, murphy's sign
Acute cholecystitis labs show	Leukocytosis with a left shift
Female with generalized fatigue, jaundice & puritis	Primary biliary cirrhosis
Diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis by	Liver biopsy, + AMA (anti-mitochondrial antibody)
Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis	Bile acid sequestrates (URSOdiol), transplant
Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis	Increased AST/ALT, + ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), + ASMA (anti-smooth muscle antibody)
Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis	Prednisone/ immunomodulators (azathioprine)
PSC leads to	End stage liver failure
Nontender palpable gallbladder with history of weight loss	Cholangiocarcinoma
Klatskin tumor most commonly occurs at	Junction of right & left main hepatic ducts
Cancer associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis	Cholangiocarcinoma
Meds that cause acute pancreatitis	Azathioprine, pentamide, valproate, thiazides
Acute pancreatitis presents with	Sever epigastric pain, n/v, tachycardia, orthostasis, dehydration, hypotension
Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis	Increased serum amylase & lipase, leukocytosis with left shift, CT
ICU admission of acute pancreatitis if	AMS, hypoxemia, HCT >50, oliguria, tachycardia with hypotension
Ranson's criteria is for	Necrotizing pancreatitis
Ranson's criteria includes	Age > 55, WBC > 16,000, BS > 200, LDH > 350, AST >250 & low serum calcium
Most common area of pancreatic cancer	Head of pancreas
Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer with	CT & CA 19-9
Pancreatic cancer presents with	Vague epigastric pain straight through to the back, painless jaundice, weight loss, anorexia
Hep A infection possible if patient has	Foreign travel, flooded area of US, or poor sanitation
Vaccinated patient to Hep B will show positive to	Anti HBsAg only
Immunity (recovered) patient to Hep B shows	+ Anti HBsAg; + Anti HBcAg; (+/-) Anti-HBe
Chronic active Hep B shows	(+) HBsAg; (+) Anti HBsAg; (+) Anti-HBe
Chronic active infections of Hep B	(+) HBsAg, (+) Anti-HBcAg,(+) HBeAg
Always done to confirm Hep C	liver biopsy
Treatment for Hep C	Pegylated interferon with ribavirin
MCC of cirrhosis	Alcoholic hepatitis
Confirm non-alcoholic fatty liver (NASH) with	Liver biopsy
Hepatocellular neoplasm mets to	Lung, colon, breast & prostate
Manage Crohn's or UC with	Aminosalicylates/ 5ASA (mesalamine) to Immunomodulators (azathioprine) to biologics
Risk of infection with disease with IBD meds with	Immunomodulators/ biologics
Biological therapies include	Remicade, humira, cimzia
Aminosalicylates/ 5ASAs include	sulfasalazine
ADR of Azothioprine (Imuran)	Pancreatitis, check LFTs/CBC every 90 days
Immunomodulators used in IBD	Azothioprine (Imuran)
MCC of small bowel obstruction	Previous surgery (adhesions)
Treatment for small bowel obstruction	NG tube, Bowel rest
50 y/o with history of atherosclerotic heart disease, hypoperfusion of the bowel vasculature	mesenteric ischemia
Secondary to removal of small intestines	Short bowel syndrome
If more than 50 cm of Ilium is resected patient needs	Monthly B-12 injection
Acute, painless, large volume maroon or BRB in pt. > 50 y/o	Diverticular hemorrhage
Treat diverticular hemorrhage with	Metronidazole & ciprofloxacin for 10 -14 days
Precedes most colon cancers	Adenomas
Hernia with a history of previous surgery	Incisional
Causes of lower GI bleed in patients < 50	Infectious colitis, IBD, fissures, hemorrhoids
Group A streptococcus pharyngitis presents with	Fever, absences of cough, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, & tonsiller exudates
Primary sclerosing cholangitis leads to	Cholestatic liver disease
SE of cimetidine (Tagamet)	HAs, Dizziness, skin rashes, loss of libido & gynocomastia
Secretin inhibits	Release of gastrin

Created by: duanea00

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