Bone Targets
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | All bones in the arms and legs except for the carpal (wrist) and tarsal (ankle) bones.
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| Short bones are shaped like | show 🗑
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| Examples of short bones | show 🗑
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| show | platelike structures.
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| show | some skull bones, ribs, and scapulae.
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| Irregular bones have | show 🗑
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| Examples of irregular bones | show 🗑
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| Round bones are also called | show 🗑
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| show | small and nodular and embedded in tendons.
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| An example of a sesamoid bone | show 🗑
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| show | an epiphysis.
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| show | with another bone.
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| Articular cartilage is located | show 🗑
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| show | a diaphysis.
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| show | tough, vascular, fibrous membrane covering the diaphysis of a bone.
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| show | form and repair bone tissue.
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| Processes provide | show 🗑
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| The wall of the diaphysis is composed of | show 🗑
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| show | a continuous matrix with no gaps.
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| show | spongy bone bone.
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| show | trabeculae.
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| show | (blank)
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| A canal called the ---------------- runs through the diaphysis. | show 🗑
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| show | lines the medullary cavity and spaces of spongy bone.
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| show | bone-forming cells.
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| The tissue that fills the spaces of bone is called | show 🗑
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| The two forms of marrow are | show 🗑
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| Bone cells are called | show 🗑
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| show | tiny, chambers that contain osteocytes.
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| show | concentric canals around central canals.
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| show | transport nutrients and wastes to and from nearby cells.
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| show | through canaliculi.
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| The intercellular matrix of bone is composed of | show 🗑
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| show | cylinder-shaped unit of compact bone.
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| show | many osteons cemented together.
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| Each central canal contains | show 🗑
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| Perforating canals connect | show 🗑
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| show | larger blood vessels and nerves.
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| Spongy bone is also composed of | show 🗑
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| show | aggregate around central canals.
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| Spongy bone cells lie | show 🗑
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| Osteocytes get nutrients from | show 🗑
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| Parts of the skeleton begin to form | show 🗑
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| show | adulthood.
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| show | replacing existing connective tissues.
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| show | within sheetlike layers of connective tissue.
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| show | within cartilage.
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| show | flat bones of the skull.
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| show | bone development.
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| During their development, membranelike layers of primitive connective tissue appear | show 🗑
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| Osteoblasts are | show 🗑
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| Osteoblasts deposit | show 🗑
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| show | compact bone as spaces fill with bone matrix.
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| As development continues, osteoblasts may | show 🗑
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| Matrix surrounding the processes of osteoblasts gives rise to | show 🗑
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| Once isolated, osteoblasts become | show 🗑
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| show | cells of the primitive connective tissue that persist outside of the developing bone.
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| show | osteoblasts on the inside of periosteum.
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| Intramembranous ossification is | show 🗑
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| show | endochondral bones.
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| show | masses of hyaline cartilage.
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| As hyaline cartilage decomposes, a_______ forms from connective tissue that encircles the developing structure. | show 🗑
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| Blood vessels and undifferentiated connective tissue cells | show 🗑
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| show | osteoblasts.
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| Osteoblasts form | show 🗑
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| Endochondral ossification | show 🗑
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| The primary ossification center is | show 🗑
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| show | epiphyses.
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| The epiphyseal plate is | show 🗑
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| show | an epiphyseal plate.
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| show | four
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| show | resting cells that do not actively participate in growth.
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| anchors the epiphyseal plate to the bony tissue of the epiphysis. | show 🗑
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| The second layer of the epiphyseal plate contains | show 🗑
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| show | thickens.
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| The third layer of the epiphysealplate is formed by | show 🗑
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| The cells of the third layer of the epiphyseal plate | show 🗑
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| The fourth layer of the epiphyseal plate is composed of | show 🗑
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| break down calcified matrix of bone. | show 🗑
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| show | Osteoclasts
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| Osteoclasts secrete acids that | show 🗑
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| lysosomal enzymes from osteoclasts | show 🗑
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| phagocytize components of the bony matrix. | show 🗑
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| deposit bone tissue in place of calcified matrix. | show 🗑
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| A long bone continues to lengthen while | show 🗑
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| show | once the ossification centers of the diaphysis and epiphysis meet and the epiphyseal plates ossify.
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| show | osteoclasts erode bone tissue in the diaphysis.
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| The bone in the central regions of the epiphyses and diaphysis remains | show 🗑
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| show | 3% to 5
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| show | nutrition, exposure to sunlight, hormonal secretions, and physical exercise.
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| show | calcium absorption.
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| Lack of vitamin D can lead to the diseases | show 🗑
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| Vitamin A is necessary for | show 🗑
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| Vitamin C is required for | show 🗑
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| Growth hormone stimulates | show 🗑
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| show | pituitary dwarfism.
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| An excess of growth hormone before the epiphyseal plates ossify leads to | show 🗑
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| show | acromegaly.
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| Thyroid hormone can halt bone growth by causing premature ossification of the epiphyseal plates. | show 🗑
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| Deficiency of thyroid hormone may | show 🗑
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| show | an increase in the number and activity of osteoclasts.
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| show | Androgens
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| show | formation of bone tissue.
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| show | ossification of the epiphyseal plates.
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| show | the effects of estrogen on the epiphyseal plates are stronger than androgens.
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| show | stimulates
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| show | the head, face, thorax, and limbs.
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| The bones of lower limbs, pelvis, and vertebral column support | show 🗑
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| show | the eyes, ears, and brain.
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| show | heart and lungs.
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| Bones of the pelvic girdle protect | show 🗑
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| show | levers.
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| The four basic components of a lever system are | show 🗑
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| show | a rigid bar.
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| show | the screw.
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| The resistance of scissors is | show 🗑
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| show | the person on the handles.
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| In a first-class lever system, the parts are arranged | show 🗑
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| Besides scissors, other examples of first class lever systems are | show 🗑
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| In a second-class lever system, the parts are arranged | show 🗑
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| An example of a second-class lever system is | show 🗑
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| show | resistance, force, and fulcrum.
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| show | a pair of tweezers.
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| show | the rigid bar is the forearm bones, the pivot is the elbow joint, the resistance is the hand, and the force is applied by muscles on the anterior side of the arm.
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| show | a third-class lever system.
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| Explain the lever when the upper limb straightens at the elbow, | show 🗑
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| show | first class
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| An example of a second-class lever system in the body is | show 🗑
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| Hematopoiesis is | show 🗑
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| Blood cell formation begins in | show 🗑
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| Later in development, blood cells are made in | show 🗑
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| show | Marrow
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| Marrow is found | show 🗑
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| Red marrow functions in | show 🗑
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| show | Red marrow
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| With increasing age, yellow marrow replaces | show 🗑
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| show | fat.
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| show | the spongy bone of the skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae, and pelvis.
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| Intercellular matrix of bone tissue contains | show 🗑
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| account for about 70% of bone by weight. | show 🗑
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| show | Hydroxyapatites
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| show | many metabolic processes including blood clot formation, nerve impulse conduction, and muscle cell contraction.
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| show | parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone tissue to release calcium salts.
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| show | osteoclast activity.
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| Calcitonin stimulates | show 🗑
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| show | magnesium, sodium, potassium and carbonate ions.
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| show | 206
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| show | joined sutures.
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| show | axial and appendicular.
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| The axial skeleton contains | show 🗑
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| show | 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
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| The hyoid bone supports the | show 🗑
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| The hyoid bone is located | show 🗑
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| The vertebral column consists of | show 🗑
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| show | the sacrum and the coccyx.
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| The coccyx is also called | show 🗑
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| The thoracic cage is composed of | show 🗑
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| show | bones of the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs.
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| The pectoral girdle is formed by | show 🗑
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| show | the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
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| The pectoral girdle aids in | show 🗑
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| show | a humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
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| show | the elbow.
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| show | carpals.
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| The bones of the palm are called | show 🗑
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| Bones in the fingers are called | show 🗑
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| The pelvic girdle is formed by | show 🗑
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| The pelvic girdle connects | show 🗑
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| form the pelvis. | show 🗑
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| Each lower limb consists of | show 🗑
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| The femur and tibia articulate with each other at | show 🗑
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| show | the patella.
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| show | tarsals.
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| show | metatarsals.
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| show | phalanges.
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| A human skull usually consists of | show 🗑
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| show | mandible.
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| Some cranial and skull bones together form the | show 🗑
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| show | the brain.
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| The surface of the cranium provides attachments for | show 🗑
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| air-filled cavities in cranial bones. | show 🗑
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| show | reduce the weight of the skull and increase the intensity of the voice by serving as resonant sound chambers.
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| The eight bones of the cranium | show 🗑
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| show | the anterior portion of the skull above the eyes, the roof of the nasal cavity and the roofs of the orbits.
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| on the upper margin of each orbit and allows blood vessels and nerves to pass to tissues of the head. | show 🗑
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| show | frontal sinuses.
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| The two halves of the frontal bone fuse together by | show 🗑
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| show | each side of the skull behind the frontal bone.
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| Together the parietal bones form the | show 🗑
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| show | the parietal bones.
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| show | the parietal bones to coronal bones.
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| show | lambdoidal suture.
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| show | the back of the skull and the base of the cranium.
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| show | The foramen magnum
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| Occipital condyles are located | show 🗑
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| Occipital condyles articulate with | show 🗑
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| show | a squamosal suture.
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| show | parts of the sides and the base of the cranium.
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| The opening leading inward to parts of the ear is called | show 🗑
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| show | condyles of the mandibles.
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| The mastoid process is a site of | show 🗑
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| The styloid process is a site of | show 🗑
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| The carotid canal is near the | show 🗑
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| The carotid canal transmits | show 🗑
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| opening between the temporal and occipital bones and accommodates the internal jugular vein. | show 🗑
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| The zygomatic process projects anteriorly from | show 🗑
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| The sphenoid bone helps form | show 🗑
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| an indention in the middle of the sphenoid bone and holds the pituitary gland. | show 🗑
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| show | sphenoidal sinuses.
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| show | in front of the sphenoid bone.
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| The ethmoid bone consists of two masses joined by | show 🗑
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| show | the roof of the nasal cavity.
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| Nerves associated with smell pass through | show 🗑
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| show | the cranial floor, orbital walls, and nasal cavity walls.
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| show | most of the nasal septum.
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| Scroll-shaped plates called superior and middle nasal conchae project inward from | show 🗑
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| The lateral portions of the ethmoid bone contain many small air spaces called | show 🗑
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| triangular process that projects upward and is located between cribiform plates. | show 🗑
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| show | membranes that enclose the brain.
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| The facial skeleton consists of | show 🗑
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| show | muscles that move the jaw and control facial expression.
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| show | upper jaw.
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| show | the anterior roof of the mouth, the floors of the orbits, and sides and floor of the nasal cavity.
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| show | sockets for the upper teeth.
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| show | maxillary sinuses.
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| show | floor of the orbits to the roots of the upper teeth.
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| show | called palatine processes
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| The alveolar arch is a horseshoe shaped collection of | show 🗑
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| The palatine bones are---- shaped. | show 🗑
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| show | behind the maxillae.
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| The horizontal portions of the palatine bones form the | show 🗑
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| show | lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
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| Zygomatic bones are responsible for the | show 🗑
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| show | the temporal bone.
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| show | zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.
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| show | in the medial wall of each orbit.
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| The nasal bones form the | show 🗑
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| show | the cartilaginous tissues that form the shape of the nose.
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| show | along the midline within the nasal cavity.
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| show | the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone.
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| show | the vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid.
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| The inferior nasal conchae are attached to the | show 🗑
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| Like the ethmoidal conchae, the inferior conchae support | show 🗑
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| show | a horseshoe.
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| show | rami.
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| The rami are divided into | show 🗑
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| The mandibular condyles articulate with | show 🗑
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| show | muscles used in chewing.
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| show | a curved bar of bone on the superior border of the mandible and it contains the sockets of the lower teeth.
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| Mandibular foramens are located | show 🗑
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| show | mandibular foramens.
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| show | an opening near the point of the jaw.
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| show | fibrous membranes.
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| show | Fontanels
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| show | the skull to the pelvis
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| show | the vertical axis of the skeleton.
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| show | vertebrae that are separated by intervertebral discs.
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| The vertebral column supports | show 🗑
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| The vertebral column protects | show 🗑
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| The spinal cord passes through | show 🗑
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| An infant has ___ separate bones in the vertebral column | show 🗑
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| An adult vertebral column has ---bones. | show 🗑
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| show | five fused vertebrae.
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| show | four fused vertebrae.
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| show | thoracic, pelvic, cervical, and lumbar.
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| show | a baby begins to hold up its head.
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| The lumbar curvature develops when | show 🗑
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| The body of a vertebra forms | show 🗑
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| show | the upper and lower surfaces of the vertebral bodies.
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| show | cushion and soften the forces caused by walking and jumping movements.
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| show | Anterior longitudinal ligaments
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| show | Posterior longitudinal ligaments
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| two short stalks that project posteriorly from each vertebral body. | show 🗑
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| two plates that arise from the pedicles and fuse in the back to become spinous processes. | show 🗑
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| A vertebral arch is formed by | show 🗑
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| show | the fusion of two laminae.
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| show | laterally and posteriorly.
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| project upward and downward from each vertebral arch. | show 🗑
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| provide passageways for spinal nerves. | show 🗑
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| There are ___ cervical vertebrae. | show 🗑
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| The transverse processes of cervical vertebrae are distinctive because | show 🗑
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| The spinous processes of the second through the sixth cervical vertebrae are | show 🗑
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| show | The vertebra prominens is
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| 1st cervical vertebra. | show 🗑
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| show | the head.
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| The facets of the atlas articulate with | show 🗑
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| show | The axis
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| show | The dens is
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| show | the dens.
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| show | 12
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| The facets of thoracic vertebrae articulate with | show 🗑
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| The bodies of thoracic vertebrae are adapted to bear | show 🗑
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| There are ________ lumbar vertebrae and they are located | show 🗑
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| The bodies of lumbar vertebrae are ________than the superior vertebrae. | show 🗑
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| The transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae project | show 🗑
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| show | the spinous.
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| The sacrum is _________in shape | show 🗑
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| ridge of tubercles where the spinous process of sacral vertebrae fused together. | show 🗑
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| rows of openings located to the sides of the tubercles. | show 🗑
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| The sacrum is wedged between | show 🗑
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| The sacrum is united to the caxae at its | show 🗑
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| show | the posterior wall of the pelvis
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| show | upper anterior margin of the sacrum.
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| In the sacrum , these provide passageways for nerves and blood vessels. | show 🗑
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| the lowest part of vertebral column. | show 🗑
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| show | coccyx, and it moves forward, acting like a shock absorber.
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| The thoracic cage includes | show 🗑
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| show | shoulder girdle and upper limb and protects the viscera in the thoracic and upper abdominal cavities.
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| show | 24
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| show | 7
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| show | five pairs of ribs.
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| Floating ribs are the | show 🗑
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| show | The head of a rib is
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| show | a facet on the body of its own vertebra and with the body of the next higher vertebra.
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| show | the transverse process of the vertebra.
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| Costal cartilages are composed of | show 🗑
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| Costal cartilages are attached to | show 🗑
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| show | along the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cage.
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| The three parts of the sternum are | show 🗑
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| The xiphoid process projects | show 🗑
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| show | clavicles.
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| The manubrium and body articulate with | show 🗑
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| show | two clavicles and two scapulae.
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| show | the upper limbs and is an attachment for several muscles that move the arm.
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| A clavicle has _________shape | show 🗑
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| Clavicles run | show 🗑
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| show | the manubrium.
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| show | the scapulae.
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| The clavicles brace | show 🗑
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| show | muscles of the upper limbs, chest and back.
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| The scapulae are shaped like | show 🗑
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| show | supraspinous process and infraspinous process.
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| show | tip of the shoulder.
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| The coracoid process curves | show 🗑
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| show | the clavicle.
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| a depression on the head of a scapula. | show 🗑
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| show | the head of the humerus.
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|
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| show | superior, lateral, and medial.
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|
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| The bones of the upper limb form the framework for | show 🗑
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| show | humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
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|
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| show | scapula to the elbow.
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|
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| The head of the humerus fits into the | show 🗑
|
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| Two processes just below the head of the humerous are a | show 🗑
|
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| show | attachment site for the deltoid muscle.
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|
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| Two condyles at the lower end of the humerus are the | show 🗑
|
||||
| The capitulum articulates with | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the ulna.
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|
||||
| Epicondyles are located | show 🗑
|
||||
| The radius is located on the ------ of the forearm | show 🗑
|
||||
| The radius crosses over the ulna when | show 🗑
|
||||
| The head of the radius articulates with | show 🗑
|
||||
| an attachment site for the biceps brachii. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | at the distal end of the radius on its lateral side.
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|
||||
| show | wrenchlike opening at the proximal end of the ulna.
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|
||||
| The trochlear notch articulates with | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | (blank)
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|
||||
| show | a notch of the radius
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|
||||
| The head of the ulna articulates inferiorly with | show 🗑
|
||||
| The styloid process of the ulna is located | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | carpals.
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|
||||
| show | scaphoid, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium, lunate, hamate, triquetrum, and pisiform.
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|
||||
| show | the framework of the palm.
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|
||||
| The distal ends of metacarpals form | show 🗑
|
||||
| Proximally, the metacarpals articulate with | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | phalanges.
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|
||||
| The metacarpal of the thumb is numbered | show 🗑
|
||||
| The pelvic girdle consists of two coxae that articulate | show 🗑
|
||||
| The pelvis is formed by the | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | trunk of the body.
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|
||||
| The pelvic girdle provides attachments for | show 🗑
|
||||
| The pelvic girdle protects t | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | through the pelvic girdle to the lower limbs and then onto the ground.
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|
||||
| A coxa is also called | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | an ilium, an ischium, and a pubis.
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|
||||
| The acetabulum is cup-shaped cavity of a | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | head of the femur.
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|
||||
| The largest and most superior portion of the coxa. | show 🗑
|
||||
| forms the prominence of the hip. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The iliac crest
🗑
|
||||
| show | The iliac fossa
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|
||||
| Posteriorly the Iilum joins the sacrum at the | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | lateral to the groin.
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|
||||
| show | (blank)
🗑
|
||||
| On the posterior border of the ilium | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | greater sciatic notch,
🗑
|
||||
| show | the ischium.
🗑
|
||||
| show | posteriorly and downward.
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|
||||
| The ischial tuberosity supports | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the ischial tuberosity.
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|
||||
| show | shortest diameter of the pelvic outlet.
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|
||||
| The pubis constitutes the | show 🗑
|
||||
| The symphysis pubis is where | show 🗑
|
||||
| the angle the pubis bones form below the symphysis. | show 🗑
|
||||
| the largest foramen of the skeleton. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The obturator foramen is located | show 🗑
|
||||
| The pelvic brim separates | show 🗑
|
||||
| The greater pelvis is bounded posteriorly by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the flared parts of the iliac bones,
🗑
|
||||
| The greater pelvis is bounded anteriorly by | show 🗑
|
||||
| The false pelvis supports | show 🗑
|
||||
| The lesser pelvis is bounded posteriorly by | show 🗑
|
||||
| The lesser pelvis is bounded | show 🗑
|
||||
| The bones of the female pelvis are lighter and show less evidence of muscle attachments. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The bones of the lower limb form | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
🗑
|
||||
| extends from the hip to the knee | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | (blank)
🗑
|
||||
| The fovea capitis is a pit that marks | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | a constriction just below the head.
🗑
|
||||
| show | the greater and lesser trochanters.
🗑
|
||||
| a longitudinal crest on the posterior surface of the femur. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The lateral and medial condyles articulate with | show 🗑
|
||||
| The patella articulates with | show 🗑
|
||||
| The medial and lateral epicondyles provide | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The patella
🗑
|
||||
| show | The patella
🗑
|
||||
| The shinbone is the | show 🗑
|
||||
| The tibia is located on the --- side. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the condyles of the femur.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The tibial tuberosity
🗑
|
||||
| show | (blank)
🗑
|
||||
| show | The anterior crest of the tibia
🗑
|
||||
| a prominence at the distal end of the tibia. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fibula.
🗑
|
||||
| show | the talus.
🗑
|
||||
| on the lateral side of the tibia. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the tibia.
🗑
|
||||
| The lateral malleolus articulates with the ankle. | show 🗑
|
||||
| The ankle and foot consist of a | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | seven tarsal bones.
🗑
|
||||
| The talus articulates with the | show 🗑
|
||||
| The seven tarsal bones are | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | calcaneous.
🗑
|
||||
| The calcaneous helps support | show 🗑
|
||||
| The metatarsus consists of | show 🗑
|
||||
| The heads at the distal ends of the metatarsals form | show 🗑
|
||||
| The arch of the foot is formed by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | phalanges.
🗑
|
||||
| show | (blank)
🗑
|
||||
| An incremental decrease in height begins at about age | show 🗑
|
||||
| may contribute to loss of height. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | brittle and prone to fracture.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 35
🗑
|
||||
| xxx bone shows signs of aging first. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 40
🗑
|
||||
| show | 15 to 20% of trabecular bone and 10 to 15% of compact bone .
🗑
|
||||
| The most common fractures in the elderly are | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | avoiding falls, taking calcium supplements, getting enough vitamin D, avoiding carbonated beverages, and getting regular exercise.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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