final exam questions GCSM
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| Sagittal | unequal left and right
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| Lateral | away from middle
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| Distal | farthest from the point of attachment, trunk
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| Coronal | the plane that divides the body into Anterior and Posterior halves
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| Transverse | the plane that divides the body or a limb into Superior and inferior halves
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| medial | towards the midline
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| dorsal | pertaining to organs found in the back
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| epigastric | above umbilical region
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| umbilical | naval
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| Dorsal Cavity | contains the cranial cavity (brain) and the spinal cavity (spinal cord)
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| Ventral Cavity | contains the thoracic cavity (heart, lungs), abdominal cavity (liver, lg intestine) pelvic cavity (reproductive, rectum)
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| Stratified tissue | cells in many layers
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| Bone tissue | osseous
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| Areolar | loose connective tissue
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| Columnar | long narrow epithelial cells
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| Squamous | flat and irregular epithelial cells
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| neuron | scientific name for nerve cell
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| myelin | fatty material that insulates and protects nerve cell fibers
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| cartiledge | hard connective tissue that strengthens body stuctures and acts as a shock absorber, at the end of long bones
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| neoplasm | another name for tumor
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| Malignant | tumor that spreads (more serious)
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| Mestastasis | spread of tumor
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| Myocardium | muscle found in the heart
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| visceral | smooth, involuntary
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| cilliary | modified sweat glands, located at the edge of the eyelids
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| keratin | thickens skin
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| lesion | wound or local injury to skin
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| follicle | sheath where hair develops
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| stratum | a layer as of the skin
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| cutaneous | refers to skin as a whole
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| sudoriferous | sweat glands
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| epidermis | outer layer of skin
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| dermis | true skin aka corium
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| subcutaneous | layer of tissue under skin, aka hypodermis
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| sebaceous | oil glands
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| sebum | oil
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| psoriasis | chronic skin disease, red flat areas covered with silvery scales, no known cause
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| eczema | atopic dermatitis
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| decubitus ulcer | bed sore caused by decreased circulation to an area, common in heels sacrum elbows occiupt
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| athlete's foot | fungus
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| sphenoid | wing like in nasal cavity
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| metacarpals | bones in palm of hand
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| sternum | breast bone connects ribs, 3 parts body, manubrium and xyphoid process
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| femur | thigh bone
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| patella | sesamoid bone in tendon (knee)
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| fibula | little toe side of leg
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| os-coxae | hip bone
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| ulna | pinky side of forearm
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| humerus | upper portion of arm (brachial)
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| malleolus | ankle
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| alopecia | baldness
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| fossa | depression in bone
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| process | projection of bone
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| sinus | air sac within a bone
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| foramen | hole in bone
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| meatus | channel through bone, nerve fibers run through
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| occipital | skull, in back
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| zygomatic | cheek bones
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| temporal | temples
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| parietal | yamaca sits on
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| ribs (how many) | 7 pair true ribs, 5 false including floating
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| fontanel | baby soft spot
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| diaphysis | shaft of long bone
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| ephysis | end of long bone, where growth takes place
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| osteomyelitis | infection of the bone
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| osteoporosis | thinning of bone
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| dorsiflexion | toes up
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| pronation | palms down
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| circumduction | combo of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
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| synarthrotic | not movable ex skull
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| ampiarthrotic | slightly movable, pubic symphasis
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| diarthrotic | freely movable, has synovial fluid
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| symphysis | type of slightly movable joint
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| buccinator (location) | cheeck muscle
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| pectoralis major | chest
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| deltoid | shoulder
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| intercostals | ribs
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| masseter | jaw for chewing
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| contractility | shorten
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| isotonic | changing distance
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| myosin | works with actin, proteins that work together to create striations.
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| ATP | adenosine triphosphate -- energy comes from breakdown of this molecule
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| synapse | joint between two nerve cells
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| chemical name for adrenaline | ephinephrine
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| how many pairs of spinal nerves?/ | 31 pairs both sensory and motor
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| how many pairs of cervical spinal nerves | 8 pairs
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| autonomic system | involuntary and controlled by the hypothalmus
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| Dendrites... | carry impulses toward the cell body
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| parts of the brain stem | pons, mid brain and medulla oblongata
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| acromegly | excess of growth hormone, Andre the Giant
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| goiter | enlarged thyroid gland, big adam's apple
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| addison's disease | decrease in activity in adrenal cortex, bronze grey color
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| tetany | muscle spasms due to low calcium, extreme lock jaw
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| myxedema | decrease in thyroxin in adult
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| thrombin | clotting factor
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| endocardium | lines the heart
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| apex | pointed region of the heart
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| valve | prevents back flow
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| septum | partition between two heart chambers
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| epicardium | outermost layer of heart
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| myocardium | thick muscular layer, heart itself
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| diastolic | relaxation phase of cardiac cycle, atrium pressure, bottom #
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| aorta | receives blood out of left ventricle
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| murmur | abnormal heart sound
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| tachycardia | rapid heart rate
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| pharynx | throat
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| mediasteinum | space between the lungs
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| hilus | depression on the medial side of the kidney
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| pleura | membrane around the lungs
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| adams apple is made up of | thyroid cartiledge
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| larynx | vocal cord
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura
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| hypoventilation | decrease in the amount of air
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| tachypnea | rapid breathing
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| mastication | chewing
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| deglutition | swallowing
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| peritoneum | lining of the abdominal cavity
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| peristalisis | wavelike movements
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| duodenum | 1st part of the small intestine, most digestion
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| villi | lines small intestine
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| gastrin is produced in | the stomach
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| anabolism | build up
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| catabolism | breaks down
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| hypothermia | lower body temperature
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| FSH and LH are secreted by | pituitary gland
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| areolar tissue | loose connective tissue found in membranes around vessels and organs
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| cancellous tissue | porous spongy
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| compact tissue | dense
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| five layers of epidermis | stratum corneum, stratum germinativum, stratum lucidem, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum
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| scoliosis | lateral curve, anywhere on spine predominately in thorax
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| lordosis | exagerated concave curve of lumbar spine ONLY
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| kyphosis | hunch back, exagerated covex curve of thorax spine
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| fossa | a depression or hollow
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| trochanter | a large process for muscle attachment
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| process | a bone prominence or projection
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| condyle | a rounded knuckle like prominence usually at a point of articulation
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| line | a less prominent ridge of a bone than a crest
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| tuberosity | a large rounded process
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| meatus | a tube like passage
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| tubercle | a small rounded process
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| head | a rounded articulating process at the end of a bone
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| spine | a sharp slender projection
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| crest | a ridge
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| 3 areas of pharynx | nasopharynx, oropharnyx, larynopharynx
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| 3 salivary glands | parotid (behind molars), submandibular (jaws), sublingual (under tongue)
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| anterior pituitary secretes | ACTH, TSH, FSH, GH, LH and lactogenic hormone
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