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Final Exam
final exam questions GCSM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sagittal | unequal left and right |
| Lateral | away from middle |
| Distal | farthest from the point of attachment, trunk |
| Coronal | the plane that divides the body into Anterior and Posterior halves |
| Transverse | the plane that divides the body or a limb into Superior and inferior halves |
| medial | towards the midline |
| dorsal | pertaining to organs found in the back |
| epigastric | above umbilical region |
| umbilical | naval |
| Dorsal Cavity | contains the cranial cavity (brain) and the spinal cavity (spinal cord) |
| Ventral Cavity | contains the thoracic cavity (heart, lungs), abdominal cavity (liver, lg intestine) pelvic cavity (reproductive, rectum) |
| Stratified tissue | cells in many layers |
| Bone tissue | osseous |
| Areolar | loose connective tissue |
| Columnar | long narrow epithelial cells |
| Squamous | flat and irregular epithelial cells |
| neuron | scientific name for nerve cell |
| myelin | fatty material that insulates and protects nerve cell fibers |
| cartiledge | hard connective tissue that strengthens body stuctures and acts as a shock absorber, at the end of long bones |
| neoplasm | another name for tumor |
| Malignant | tumor that spreads (more serious) |
| Mestastasis | spread of tumor |
| Myocardium | muscle found in the heart |
| visceral | smooth, involuntary |
| cilliary | modified sweat glands, located at the edge of the eyelids |
| keratin | thickens skin |
| lesion | wound or local injury to skin |
| follicle | sheath where hair develops |
| stratum | a layer as of the skin |
| cutaneous | refers to skin as a whole |
| sudoriferous | sweat glands |
| epidermis | outer layer of skin |
| dermis | true skin aka corium |
| subcutaneous | layer of tissue under skin, aka hypodermis |
| sebaceous | oil glands |
| sebum | oil |
| psoriasis | chronic skin disease, red flat areas covered with silvery scales, no known cause |
| eczema | atopic dermatitis |
| decubitus ulcer | bed sore caused by decreased circulation to an area, common in heels sacrum elbows occiupt |
| athlete's foot | fungus |
| sphenoid | wing like in nasal cavity |
| metacarpals | bones in palm of hand |
| sternum | breast bone connects ribs, 3 parts body, manubrium and xyphoid process |
| femur | thigh bone |
| patella | sesamoid bone in tendon (knee) |
| fibula | little toe side of leg |
| os-coxae | hip bone |
| ulna | pinky side of forearm |
| humerus | upper portion of arm (brachial) |
| malleolus | ankle |
| alopecia | baldness |
| fossa | depression in bone |
| process | projection of bone |
| sinus | air sac within a bone |
| foramen | hole in bone |
| meatus | channel through bone, nerve fibers run through |
| occipital | skull, in back |
| zygomatic | cheek bones |
| temporal | temples |
| parietal | yamaca sits on |
| ribs (how many) | 7 pair true ribs, 5 false including floating |
| fontanel | baby soft spot |
| diaphysis | shaft of long bone |
| ephysis | end of long bone, where growth takes place |
| osteomyelitis | infection of the bone |
| osteoporosis | thinning of bone |
| dorsiflexion | toes up |
| pronation | palms down |
| circumduction | combo of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction |
| synarthrotic | not movable ex skull |
| ampiarthrotic | slightly movable, pubic symphasis |
| diarthrotic | freely movable, has synovial fluid |
| symphysis | type of slightly movable joint |
| buccinator (location) | cheeck muscle |
| pectoralis major | chest |
| deltoid | shoulder |
| intercostals | ribs |
| masseter | jaw for chewing |
| contractility | shorten |
| isotonic | changing distance |
| myosin | works with actin, proteins that work together to create striations. |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate -- energy comes from breakdown of this molecule |
| synapse | joint between two nerve cells |
| chemical name for adrenaline | ephinephrine |
| how many pairs of spinal nerves?/ | 31 pairs both sensory and motor |
| how many pairs of cervical spinal nerves | 8 pairs |
| autonomic system | involuntary and controlled by the hypothalmus |
| Dendrites... | carry impulses toward the cell body |
| parts of the brain stem | pons, mid brain and medulla oblongata |
| acromegly | excess of growth hormone, Andre the Giant |
| goiter | enlarged thyroid gland, big adam's apple |
| addison's disease | decrease in activity in adrenal cortex, bronze grey color |
| tetany | muscle spasms due to low calcium, extreme lock jaw |
| myxedema | decrease in thyroxin in adult |
| thrombin | clotting factor |
| endocardium | lines the heart |
| apex | pointed region of the heart |
| valve | prevents back flow |
| septum | partition between two heart chambers |
| epicardium | outermost layer of heart |
| myocardium | thick muscular layer, heart itself |
| diastolic | relaxation phase of cardiac cycle, atrium pressure, bottom # |
| aorta | receives blood out of left ventricle |
| murmur | abnormal heart sound |
| tachycardia | rapid heart rate |
| pharynx | throat |
| mediasteinum | space between the lungs |
| hilus | depression on the medial side of the kidney |
| pleura | membrane around the lungs |
| adams apple is made up of | thyroid cartiledge |
| larynx | vocal cord |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura |
| hypoventilation | decrease in the amount of air |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| mastication | chewing |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| peritoneum | lining of the abdominal cavity |
| peristalisis | wavelike movements |
| duodenum | 1st part of the small intestine, most digestion |
| villi | lines small intestine |
| gastrin is produced in | the stomach |
| anabolism | build up |
| catabolism | breaks down |
| hypothermia | lower body temperature |
| FSH and LH are secreted by | pituitary gland |
| areolar tissue | loose connective tissue found in membranes around vessels and organs |
| cancellous tissue | porous spongy |
| compact tissue | dense |
| five layers of epidermis | stratum corneum, stratum germinativum, stratum lucidem, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum |
| scoliosis | lateral curve, anywhere on spine predominately in thorax |
| lordosis | exagerated concave curve of lumbar spine ONLY |
| kyphosis | hunch back, exagerated covex curve of thorax spine |
| fossa | a depression or hollow |
| trochanter | a large process for muscle attachment |
| process | a bone prominence or projection |
| condyle | a rounded knuckle like prominence usually at a point of articulation |
| line | a less prominent ridge of a bone than a crest |
| tuberosity | a large rounded process |
| meatus | a tube like passage |
| tubercle | a small rounded process |
| head | a rounded articulating process at the end of a bone |
| spine | a sharp slender projection |
| crest | a ridge |
| 3 areas of pharynx | nasopharynx, oropharnyx, larynopharynx |
| 3 salivary glands | parotid (behind molars), submandibular (jaws), sublingual (under tongue) |
| anterior pituitary secretes | ACTH, TSH, FSH, GH, LH and lactogenic hormone |
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