Human Skeletal and Dental Anatomy
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| What are the standard anatomical directions? | Anterior - Posterior
Superior - Inferior
Medial - Lateral
Proximal - Distal
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| Joint types - Fibrous/Sutural | Fixed
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| Joint types - Cartilaginous | Semi-moveable
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| Joint types - Synovial | Extremely movable
Ball and Socket Joint
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| What does paleoanthropology examine? | Evolutionary relationships - Closest living relatives, ancestral Hominin lineages
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| What makes us human? | Bipedalism, Cranial capacity, culture.
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| What does bioarchaeology examine? | Human adaptation - Environment, disease, diet.
Demographic - populations structure, health, burial practices, culture.
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| How do anthropologists determine age of fossils? | Non-adults - bone epiphyseal fusion, dental eruption.
Adults - relative aging, degenerative changes.
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| How do anthropologists determine the sex of fossils? | Pevis - Sciatic notch, Sub-public angle
Skull - Supra-orbital rim, orbital Tori, mandible, mastoid process.
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| What can pathology and trauma of fossils show us? | Fracture, infection, skeletal response (bone growth & resorbtion), skeletal remodeling.
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