Neuro Lecture 7: Cerebral Cortex 1a
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show | 5th week
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Name the 5 major subdivisions of the brain | show 🗑
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show | telencephalon
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The cerebral cortex accounts for about ___ of the volume of the adult brain | show 🗑
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Which cerebral hemisphere is larger than the other? | show 🗑
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How much is the overall loss of cortical volume by age 75? | show 🗑
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show | ~12%
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show | no different areas are differentially affected
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Does each person’s cerebral cortex decrease the same amount? | show 🗑
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How big is the total flattened area of the cerebral cortex? | show 🗑
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show | 1/3
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show | ~1.5 - 4.5 mm
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What’s the thickest part of the cortex? | show 🗑
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What’s the thinnest part of the cortex? | show 🗑
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How many neurons are contained in the mature cerebrum? | show 🗑
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How many glial cells are contained in the mature cerebrum (compared to neurons)? | show 🗑
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What are the 2 major groups of cortical neurons? | show 🗑
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show | about 75%
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Are spiny neurons excitatory or inhibitory? | show 🗑
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show | glutamate
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Which specific neurons are included in the group “spiny neurons”? | show 🗑
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show | pyramidal neurons
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show | pyramidal neurons
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What are the single long projections of the pyramidal neurons called? | show 🗑
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show | basilar dendrites
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show | thousands
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show | dementias, chronic alcoholism, schizophrenia, and trisomy 21
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show | few, if any
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show | about 25%
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show | inhibitory
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Which NT do aspiny neurons use? | show 🗑
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show | interneurons
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show | make synaptic connections with nearby pyramidal cells- conductors/ traffic cops
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Loss of which type of neurons have been reported in epileptic patients? | show 🗑
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show | laminar organization
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show | columnar organization
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show | isocortex (“same cortex”), 6, neocortex
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show | allocortex, 3-5, archicortex or paleocortex
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show | 1. Molecular, 2. External Granular, 3. External Pyramidal, 4. Internal Granular, 5. Internal Pyramidal, 6. Multiform
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show | rich in fibers, but few neurons
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What is the description of the second isocortex layer? | show 🗑
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show | medium-sized pyramidal cells
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show | small pyramidal & stellate cells
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What is the description of the fifth isocortex layer? | show 🗑
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show | mixture of pyramidal cells and irregularly-shaped cells
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show | overall thickness, relative thickness/density of different layers, size/shape of neurons
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show | cytoarchitectonic and functional
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show | 2 and 3
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Which types of cortical regions do commissural fibers connect? | show 🗑
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Where do commissural fibers run? | show 🗑
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Which types of cortical regions do association fibers connect? | show 🗑
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show | in large fiber bundles (like superior longitudinal fasciculus)
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show | 4
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Which cortical layer is best developed in primary sensory cortices? | show 🗑
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Which cortical layer is the origin of projection fibers to subcortical regions (striatum, thalamus, SC)? | show 🗑
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Which cortical layer is particularly well-developed in the primary motor cortex? | show 🗑
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show | frontal cortex
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show | all 6
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show | 200-500 micrometers
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Who discovered columnar organiztion? How? | show 🗑
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All regions of cortex may be placed into one of 3 categories | show 🗑
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show | primary motor cortex
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Which cortex(ices) are the first regions to receive modality-specific information? | show 🗑
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show | primary somatosensory cortex
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show | primary motor cortex
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show | primary auditory cortex
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show | primary visual cortex
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show | sensory association areas and motor association areas
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Which cortex areas are areas of parietal, occipital, and temporal cortex that receive input from primary sensory areas? | show 🗑
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Which cortex areas integrate information from different modalities? | show 🗑
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show | frontal lobe
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show | motor association areas
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show | motor association areas
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show | Many complex brain functions are more dependent on one hemisphere than the other
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Which hemisphere controls language skills for a large majority of people (of either handedness)? | show 🗑
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show | language, musical ability, attention, math
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show | without speech
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show | loss of language expression and/or comprehension
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show | without knowledge
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show | difficulty recognizing the meaning or sensory stimuli, while primary sensory function is intact
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What is apraxia? | show 🗑
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show | inability to carry out skilled or purposeful movement- no frank paralysis
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