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Neuro Lecture 7: Cerebral Cortex 1a

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Question
Answer
show 5th week  
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Name the 5 major subdivisions of the brain   show
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show telencephalon  
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The cerebral cortex accounts for about ___ of the volume of the adult brain   show
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Which cerebral hemisphere is larger than the other?   show
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How much is the overall loss of cortical volume by age 75?   show
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show ~12%  
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show no different areas are differentially affected  
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Does each person’s cerebral cortex decrease the same amount?   show
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How big is the total flattened area of the cerebral cortex?   show
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show 1/3  
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show ~1.5 - 4.5 mm  
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What’s the thickest part of the cortex?   show
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What’s the thinnest part of the cortex?   show
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How many neurons are contained in the mature cerebrum?   show
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How many glial cells are contained in the mature cerebrum (compared to neurons)?   show
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What are the 2 major groups of cortical neurons?   show
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show about 75%  
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Are spiny neurons excitatory or inhibitory?   show
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show glutamate  
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Which specific neurons are included in the group “spiny neurons”?   show
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show pyramidal neurons  
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show pyramidal neurons  
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What are the single long projections of the pyramidal neurons called?   show
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show basilar dendrites  
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show thousands  
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show dementias, chronic alcoholism, schizophrenia, and trisomy 21  
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show few, if any  
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show about 25%  
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show inhibitory  
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Which NT do aspiny neurons use?   show
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show interneurons  
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show make synaptic connections with nearby pyramidal cells- conductors/ traffic cops  
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Loss of which type of neurons have been reported in epileptic patients?   show
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show laminar organization  
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show columnar organization  
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show isocortex (“same cortex”), 6, neocortex  
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show allocortex, 3-5, archicortex or paleocortex  
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show 1. Molecular, 2. External Granular, 3. External Pyramidal, 4. Internal Granular, 5. Internal Pyramidal, 6. Multiform  
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show rich in fibers, but few neurons  
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What is the description of the second isocortex layer?   show
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show medium-sized pyramidal cells  
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show small pyramidal & stellate cells  
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What is the description of the fifth isocortex layer?   show
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show mixture of pyramidal cells and irregularly-shaped cells  
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show overall thickness, relative thickness/density of different layers, size/shape of neurons  
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show cytoarchitectonic and functional  
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show 2 and 3  
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Which types of cortical regions do commissural fibers connect?   show
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Where do commissural fibers run?   show
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Which types of cortical regions do association fibers connect?   show
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show in large fiber bundles (like superior longitudinal fasciculus)  
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show 4  
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Which cortical layer is best developed in primary sensory cortices?   show
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Which cortical layer is the origin of projection fibers to subcortical regions (striatum, thalamus, SC)?   show
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Which cortical layer is particularly well-developed in the primary motor cortex?   show
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show frontal cortex  
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show all 6  
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show 200-500 micrometers  
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Who discovered columnar organiztion? How?   show
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All regions of cortex may be placed into one of 3 categories   show
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show primary motor cortex  
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Which cortex(ices) are the first regions to receive modality-specific information?   show
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show primary somatosensory cortex  
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show primary motor cortex  
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show primary auditory cortex  
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show primary visual cortex  
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show sensory association areas and motor association areas  
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Which cortex areas are areas of parietal, occipital, and temporal cortex that receive input from primary sensory areas?   show
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Which cortex areas integrate information from different modalities?   show
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show frontal lobe  
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show motor association areas  
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show motor association areas  
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show Many complex brain functions are more dependent on one hemisphere than the other  
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Which hemisphere controls language skills for a large majority of people (of either handedness)?   show
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show language, musical ability, attention, math  
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show without speech  
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show loss of language expression and/or comprehension  
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show without knowledge  
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show difficulty recognizing the meaning or sensory stimuli, while primary sensory function is intact  
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What is apraxia?   show
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show inability to carry out skilled or purposeful movement- no frank paralysis  
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