Digestive system
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| The digestive system is AKA | The Gastrointestinal(GI)system
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| Or/o OR stomat/o | Oral cavity(mouth)
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| Digestive begins in the | Oral cavity(mouth)
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| Digestive is the | Breaking down of food into small parts
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| Oral | Pertaining to the oral cavity(mouth)
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| Herpetic stomatitis | Inflammation of the oral cavity(mouth)caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSVI)cold sores of fever blisters
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| Mechanical digestion involves | Mastication(chewing)
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| Bucc/o | Cheek
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| Buccal | Pertaining to a cheek
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| Gloss/o OR lingu/o | Tongue
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| Glossectomy | Surgical removal of the tongue
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| Sublingual | Pertaining to under the tongue AKA hypoglossal
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| Glossorrhaphy | Suturing of the tongue
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| Glossopathy | Disease condition of the tongue
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| Chemical digestion includes the secretion of: | 1.)Saliva 2.)HCl<-(should be a lower case "L")
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| HCI stands for | HydroChloric acid
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| Hydrochloric acid (HCl<-lower case L)is found | in the stomach
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| Gingiv/o | Gingiva(e)AKA gums
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| Gingivitis | Inflammation of the gingivae(gums)
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| Gingivectomy | Surgical removal of a gingiva
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| Palat/o | Hard palate AND/OR soft palate
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| The hard and soft palate are located in the | Superior(upper)portion of the oral cavity(mouth)
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| Palatitis | Inflammation of a palate
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| Palatoplasty | Surgical repair of a palate
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| Pharyng/o | Pharynx AKA throat
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| Pharyngitis | Inflammation of the pharynx(throat)
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| Esophag/o | Esophagus
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| The esophagus is the | Tube(duct)connecting the pharynx (throat)AND the stomach
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| Esophagotomy | A surgical incision of the esophagus
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| Esophagoscope | A lighted instrument to view the esophagus
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| Esophageal atresia | A (congenital)closure of the esophagus
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| Gastr/o | Stomach
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| The stomach is located in the | Left Upper Quadrant(LUQ)of the abdomen
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| Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach
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| Gastrotomy | Surgical incision of the stomach
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| Gastrostomy | An artificial opening in the stomach
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| Gastrectomy | Surgical removal of the stomach
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| Stomatogastric | Pertaining to the oral cavity AND stomach
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| Gastroscopy | The process of viewing the stomach with a lighted instrument
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| Gastrodynia | A condition of stomach pain
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| NasoGastric(NG) | Pertaining to the nose AND stomach
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| Esophagogastroplasty | Surgical repair of the esophagus AND stomach
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| GERD stands for | GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease
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| Reflux means | Regurgitation OR backflow
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| Duoden/o | Duodenum
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| The Duodenum is the | First section of the small intestine(small bowel)
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| EsophagoGastroDuodenoscopy(EGD) | The process of viewing the esophagus,stomach,AND duodenum with a lighted instrument
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| Jejun/o | Jejunum
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| The Jejunum is the | Second section of the small intestine(small bowel)
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| Jejunojejuno anastomosis | Joining one section of the jejunum to another section of the jejunum
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| anastomosis means | Joining
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| Gastrojejunostomy | An artificial opening between the stomach AND jejunum
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| Ile/o | Ileum
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| The Ileum is the | Third section of the small intestine(small bowel)
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| Ilum is the | Bone in the pelvis
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| Ileostomy | An artificial opening into the ileum
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| Enter/o | Small intestive OR small bowel
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| Dysentery | A condition of painful small intesine(small bowel)
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| Enterorrhaphy | Sutering of the small intestine(small bowel)
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| Gastroenteritis | Inflammation of the stomach AND the small intestine(small bowel)
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| Gastroenterologist | A specialist in the study of the stomach AND small intestine(small bowel)
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| Cec/o | Cecum
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| The cecum is the | First section of the large intestine(large bowel OR colon)
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| Ileocecal | Pertaining to the ileum AND the cecum
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| Append/o OR appendic/o | Appendix
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| The Appendix is a | Finger like projection of the cecum
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| The appendix is located in the | Right Lower Quadrant(RLQ)of the abdomen
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| More specifically,the appendix is located in the | Right inguinal(iliac) region of the abdomen
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| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix
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| Laparoscopic appendectomy("appy") | Surgical removal of the appendic using a lighted instrument inserted into the abdomen
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| Inflamed is spelled with | One "M"
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| The ascending colon is the | Second section of the large intestine(large bowel OR colon)
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| The transverse colon is the | third section of the large intestine(large bowel OR colon)
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| The descending colon is the | Fourth section of the large intestine(large bowel OR colon)
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| Sigmoid/o | Sigmoid colon
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| The Sigmoid colon is the | Fifth section of the large intestine(large bowel OR colon)
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| Sigmoidscope | A lighted instrument to view the sigmoid colon
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| Sigmoidoscopy | Viewing the sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument
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| Rect/o | Rectum
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| The rectum is the | Sixth section of the large intestine(large bowel OR colon)
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| Rectocele | A herniation of the rectum
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| An/o | Anus
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| The anus is the | Last section of the large intestine(large bowel OR colon) AND contains a sphincter which is ring of muscles that opens and closes
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| Anoplasty | Surgical repair of the anus
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| Proct/o | Anus and rectum
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| Proctologist | A specialist in the study of the anus AND rectum
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| Proctoptosis | Drooping OR sagging of the anus AND rectum AKA prolapse of the anus AND rectum
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| Proctoscope | A lighted instrument to view the anus AND rectum
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| Proctosigmoidoscopy | Process of viewing the anus,rectum,AND sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument
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| Col/o OR colon/o | Colon OR large bowel OR large intestine
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| Colitis | Inflammation of the colon (large intestine OR large bowel)
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| Ulcerative Colitis(UC) | Inflammation of the colon (large intestine OR large bowel)AND the presence of ulcers(erosions)
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| Colotomy | A surgical incision of the colon(large intestine OR large bowel)
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| Colectomy | Surgical removal of the colon(large intestine OR large bowel)
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| Colonscope | A lighted instrument to view the colon (large intestine OR large bowel)
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| Colonscopy | The process of viewing the colon(large intestine OR large bowel)with a lighted instrument
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| Colostomy | An artificial opening into the colon(large intestine OR large bowel)
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| Gastroenterocolitis | Inflammation of the stomach,small intestine AND colon(large intestine OR large bowel)
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| Hepat/o | Liver
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| The liver is located in the | Right Upper Quadrant(RUQ)of the abdomen
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| The liver is made up of sections called | Lobes
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| The liver is responsible for creating | Bile
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| The function of bile is to | Emulsify(emulsification)
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| Emulsify(emulsification) means | To break up fats
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| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver
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| Hepatoma | Tumor or mass of the liver
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| Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver
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| Chole- | Bile OR gall(by golly)
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| Cholecyst/o | Gall bladder
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| The gall bladder is responsible for | Storing bile
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| The gall bladder is located | inferior to the liver
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| Choledoch/o | Bile duct(vessel)
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| Bile ducts carry bile from the liver to the gall bladder AND from the | Gall bladder to the duodenum
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| Choledocholithiasis | An abnormal condition of a stone(s)in a bile duct
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| Choledocholithotomy | A surgical incision of a bile duct to remove a stone(s)
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| Choedocholithectomy | A surgical removal of a stone(s)from a bile duct
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| Choledochlithotripsy | Crushing a stone(s)in a bile duct
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| Cholangioma | A tumor or mass of a bile vessel
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| Cholangiogram | A record of a bile vessel
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| Cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gall bladder
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| Cholecystogram | A record of a gall bladder
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| Cholelithiasis | An abnormal condition of a gall stone(s)
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| Pancreat/o | Pancreas
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| The Pancreas is located | Posterior to the stomach(retrogastric)
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| The pancreas creates enzymes that will | Aid in chemical digestion
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| enzyme(s) | Chemical catayst(s)
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| A catalyst causes a | reaction to occur
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| Pancreatic | Pertaining to the pancreas
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| Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas
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| Peritone/o OR abdomin/o OR lapar/o | Abdomen
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| Peritoneal | Pertaining to the peritoneum(abdominal lining)
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| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the abdominal lining(peritoneum)
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| Abdominal | Pertaining to the abdomen
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| Abdominoplasty | Surgical repair of the abdomen
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| Abdominocentesis | Surgical puncture of the abdomen
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| Laparotomy | Surgical incision of the abdomen
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| Laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Excision of the gall bladder using a lighted instrument inserted through small surgical openings in the abdomen
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| Diverticul/o | Diverticulum
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| Diverticula are | Vesicular (blister-like)lesions that can develop in the large bowel
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| Diverticulosis | A abnormal condition of diverticula
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| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of the diverticula
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| Diverticulectomy | Surgical removal of a Diverticulum
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| Polyp/o | Polyp
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| A polyp is a | Premalignant lesion that can be found in the colon(large intestine OR large bowel)
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| Polyposis | An abnormal condition of a polyp(s)
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| Polypectomy | Surgical removal of a polyp(s)
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| Adhesion(s) | Tissue sticking together that should not stick together
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| Stoma | Any artificial opening
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| Dysphagia | A condition of difficult OR painful swallowing
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| Aphagia (g-gag) | A condition of no swallowing
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| Dysphasia (s-speech) | A condition of difficult speech
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| Bradypepsia(bradypepsic) | A condition of slow digestion
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| Dyspepsia(dyspepsic) | A condition of difficult digestion AKA indigestion
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| Herni/o | Hernia
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| A hernia is a | Protrusion of an organ through the tissue in which it is normally enclosed AKA a "rupture"
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| Herniorrhaphy | Suturing of a hernia
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| Hernioplasty | Surgical repair of a hernia
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| Hiatal Hernia(HH) | Herniation of the stomach through the diphragm
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| Inguinal Hernia(IH) | Herniation of the small intestine into the scrotum
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| Umbilical Hernia(UH) | Herniation of the small intestine through the abdominal wall at the umbilicus(belly button)
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| Strangulated hernia | A hernia that occludes the blood supply to the protruding tissue
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| Anorexia(anorexic) | A condition of no appetite
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| Halitosis | Bad breath
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| Eructation(eructate) | Belching OR burping
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| Dental caries | Extreme dental(tooth)decay
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| Emesis(emetic) | Pertaining to vomit(ing)
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| Hemoptysis | Expectorating blood
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| Hematemesis | Vomiting blood
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| Ulcer | An erosion (wearing away)of the skin OR mucous membrane
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| Perforation(perforate) | A tear OR rip
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| Upper GastroIntestinal series(UGI) | An X-ray of the superior digestive tract after administration of a radiopaque contrast AKA a barium swallow
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| Lower GI(GastroIntestinal)series | An X-ray of the inferior digestive tract after the administration of a radiopaque contrast AKA a BARium Enema(BaE OR BE)
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| Radiopaque contrast material will | Illuminate when exposed to X-rays
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| Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography(ERCP) | The process of recording the bile ducts AND pancreas ducts using X-rays AND a lighted instrument
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| Resection | Excision(surgical removal)
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| Bowel resection | Surgical removal of a section of the large intestine OR small intestine
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| Endoscopic UltraSound(EUS) | The process of recording the GastroIntestinal(GI)tract using sound waves AND a lighted instrument
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| Peristaltic(peristalsis) | (pertaining to)wave-like muscular contractions of the GastroIntestinal(GI)tract pushing contents onward
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| Borborygmos | The groaning AND gurgling sounds made during peristaltic activity
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| Colic | Painful spasms of the GastroIntestinal (GI)tract
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| Stool | Semisolid waste expelled through the anus AKA feces (fecal matter)
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| Defecate(defecation) | The act of expelling feces from the body AKA a Bowel Movement(BM)
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| A normal Bowel Movement(BM)is | Brown AND formed
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| Flatus OR flatulence | Gas expelled through the anus
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| Diarrhea | Loose watery stools
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| Constipation | Difficult defecation
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| Impaction | An accumulation of feces in the bowel
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| Ileus | A bowel obstruction
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| Obstipation | Constipation caused by a bowel obstruction (ileus)
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| Melena(melanotic) | Pertaining to black,tarry,pungent stools AND indicates blood in the fecal matter
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| Pungent | A very strong aroma(aromatic)
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| Hemoccult,Hema-check,Colo-Rect,Hematest,Seracult,OR guaiac | A test for occult blood in the stool
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| Occult means | Hidden blood that cannot be seen with the naked eye
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| Gastric lavage | Washing out the stomach AKA "pumping out the stomach"
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| Gavage | A feeding tube
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| Distend(distended) | To stretch out OR inflate
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| Cirrhosis | A chronic degeneration(deterioration)of liver cells
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| Jaundice | A yellow discoloration of the skin AND/OR sclerae AKA Icterus(icteric)
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| Jaundice(icterus)is caused by a blood condition of excessive BILIRUBIN called | HyperBILIRUBINemia
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| Bilirubin is | Dead fragmented(hemolyzed)erythrocytes (RBCs)
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| Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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| Absorb(absorption) | Movement of nutrients from the digestive system to the bloodstream
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| Postprandial | Pertaining to after meals
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| N+V | Nausea AND Vomiting
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| BS | Blood Suger OR Bowel Sounds OR Breath Sounds
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| IBD | Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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| PEG | Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
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| TPN | Total Parenteral Nutrition AKA hyperalimentation ("hyperal")
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| O+P | Ova AND Parasites
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| PUD | Peptic Ulcer Disease
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| LFTs | Liver Function TestS
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| Liver Function TestS include: | 1.)SGOT AKA AST 2.)SGPT AKA ALT 3.)Alkaline phosphatase (alk.phos.)
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| Dx | Diagnosis
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| Px | Prognosis
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| A (with a - above the a) | Before
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| P (with a - above the p) | After
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| c (with a -above the "c") | With
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| S (with a - above the s) | Without
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