Diseases and Conditions of the Psychiatry
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| affect | external expression of emotion. or emotional response.
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| amnesia | loss of memory.
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| anorexia nervosa | eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body weight.
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| anxiety diorders | Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior; examples are phobias, obesssive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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| apathy | absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement.
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| autistic thought | thinking is internally stimulated and ideas have a private meaning; fantasy thought of as reality.
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| bipolar disorder | mood disorder with alternating periods of mania and depression.
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| bulimia nervosa | eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression.
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| cannabis | active substance in marijuana; THC
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| compulsion | uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly.
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| conversion disorder | condition marked by physical symptoms with no organic basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict.
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| defense mechanism | unconscious technique (coping mechanism) a person uses to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety. It protects the individual against anxiety and stress; examples are acting out and denial.
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| delirium | confusion in thinking; faulty perceptions and irrational behavior. Delirium tremens is associated with alcohol withdrawal.
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| delusion | fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence.
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| dementia | loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgement, and reasoning as well as changes in personality.
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| depression | major mood disorder with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, and discouragement and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts.
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| dissociative disorder | chronic or sudden disturbance in memory, idenity, or consciousness; examples are multiple personality disorder, psychogenic disorders,amnesia, and fugue.
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| ego | central coordinating branch of the personality or mind.
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| fugue | flight from customary surroundings; dissociative disorder.
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| gender idenity disorder | strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex.
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| hallucination | false sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things)
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| id | major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires.
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| labile | unstable, undergoing rapid emotional change.
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| mania | extreme excitement, hyperactive elation, and agitation. Don't confuse with the suffix-mania (see pg 912), meaning obsession.
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| mood disorders | prolonged emotion dominates a persons life; examples are bipolar and depressive disorders
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| mutism | nonreactive state; stupor
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| neurosis | repressed conflicts lead to mental symptoms such as anxiety and fears that disturb ability to function; less severe than a psychosis.
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| obsessive-compulsive disorder | anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominate behavior.
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| paranoia | overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusions that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated.
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| paraphilia | recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects, activities, or situations.
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| personality disorders | lifelong personality patterns marked by inflexibility and impairment of socal functioning.
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| pervasive developmental disorders | group of childhood disorders chartacterized by delays in socialization and communication skills; autism and Asperger syndrome are examples.
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| phobia | irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation.
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| post-traumatic stress disorder | anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event.
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| projective (personality) test | diagnostic personality test using unstructured stimuli (inkblots, pictures, abstract patterns, incomplete sentences) to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual's personality.
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| psychiatrist | physician (MD) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. Ex: child psychiatrist and a forensic psychiatrist
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| psychologist | nonmedical prefessional (often PhD or an EdD) specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease.
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| psychosis | a disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; often with delusions and hallucinations.
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| reality testing | ability to percieve fact from fantasy; severely impaired in psychoses.
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| repression | defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious.
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| schizophrenia | a phychosis marked by withdrawal (split) from reality into an inner world of disorganized thinking and conflict.
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| sexual disorders | disorders or paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions.
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| somatoform disorders | having physical symptoms that connot be explained by any actual physical disorder or other well-described mental disorders such as depression.
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| substance-related disorders | regular overuse of psychoactive substnce (alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, opioids, and sedative) that affect the central nervous system.
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| superego | internalized conscience and moral part of the personality.
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| amphetamines | central nervous system stimulants that may be used to treat depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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| atypical antipsychotics | drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior
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| benzodiazepines | drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks.
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| cognitive behavioral therapy | conditioning is used to relieve anxiety and improve symptoms of illness.
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| electroconvulsive therapy | electric current is used to produce changes in brain wave patterns with resulting convulsions and loss of consciousness; effective in the treatment of major depression. Modern techniques use anesthesia, so the convulsion is not observable.
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| family therapy | treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts.
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| free association | psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind.
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| group therapy | group of patients with similar problems gain insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other.
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| hypnosis | trance is used to increase the pace of psychotherapy.
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| insight-oriented therapy | face-to-face discussion of life problems and assocaited feelings.
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| lithium | medication used to treat the manic stage of manic-depressive illness.
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| neuroleptic drug | any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms. examples are atypical antipsychotics.
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| phenothiazines | antipsychotic drugs
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| play therapy | treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings unable to be communicated in a direct manner.
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| psychoanalysis | treatment that allows that patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior.
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| psychodrama | group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and socal roles with other patients.
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| psychopharmacology | treatment of psychiatric diorders with drugs.
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| sedatives | drugs that lessen anxiety
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| supportive psychotherapy | offering encouragement support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events.
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| transference | Psychoanalytic process in which that patient relates to the therapist as though the therapist were a prominent childhood figure.
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| tricyclic antidepressants | drugs used to treat severe depression; three-ringed fused structure
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