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22.4 Psychiatry
Diseases and Conditions of the Psychiatry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| affect | external expression of emotion. or emotional response. |
| amnesia | loss of memory. |
| anorexia nervosa | eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body weight. |
| anxiety diorders | Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior; examples are phobias, obesssive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. |
| apathy | absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement. |
| autistic thought | thinking is internally stimulated and ideas have a private meaning; fantasy thought of as reality. |
| bipolar disorder | mood disorder with alternating periods of mania and depression. |
| bulimia nervosa | eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression. |
| cannabis | active substance in marijuana; THC |
| compulsion | uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly. |
| conversion disorder | condition marked by physical symptoms with no organic basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict. |
| defense mechanism | unconscious technique (coping mechanism) a person uses to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety. It protects the individual against anxiety and stress; examples are acting out and denial. |
| delirium | confusion in thinking; faulty perceptions and irrational behavior. Delirium tremens is associated with alcohol withdrawal. |
| delusion | fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence. |
| dementia | loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgement, and reasoning as well as changes in personality. |
| depression | major mood disorder with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, and discouragement and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts. |
| dissociative disorder | chronic or sudden disturbance in memory, idenity, or consciousness; examples are multiple personality disorder, psychogenic disorders,amnesia, and fugue. |
| ego | central coordinating branch of the personality or mind. |
| fugue | flight from customary surroundings; dissociative disorder. |
| gender idenity disorder | strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex. |
| hallucination | false sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things) |
| id | major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires. |
| labile | unstable, undergoing rapid emotional change. |
| mania | extreme excitement, hyperactive elation, and agitation. Don't confuse with the suffix-mania (see pg 912), meaning obsession. |
| mood disorders | prolonged emotion dominates a persons life; examples are bipolar and depressive disorders |
| mutism | nonreactive state; stupor |
| neurosis | repressed conflicts lead to mental symptoms such as anxiety and fears that disturb ability to function; less severe than a psychosis. |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominate behavior. |
| paranoia | overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusions that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated. |
| paraphilia | recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects, activities, or situations. |
| personality disorders | lifelong personality patterns marked by inflexibility and impairment of socal functioning. |
| pervasive developmental disorders | group of childhood disorders chartacterized by delays in socialization and communication skills; autism and Asperger syndrome are examples. |
| phobia | irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation. |
| post-traumatic stress disorder | anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event. |
| projective (personality) test | diagnostic personality test using unstructured stimuli (inkblots, pictures, abstract patterns, incomplete sentences) to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual's personality. |
| psychiatrist | physician (MD) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. Ex: child psychiatrist and a forensic psychiatrist |
| psychologist | nonmedical prefessional (often PhD or an EdD) specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease. |
| psychosis | a disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; often with delusions and hallucinations. |
| reality testing | ability to percieve fact from fantasy; severely impaired in psychoses. |
| repression | defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious. |
| schizophrenia | a phychosis marked by withdrawal (split) from reality into an inner world of disorganized thinking and conflict. |
| sexual disorders | disorders or paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions. |
| somatoform disorders | having physical symptoms that connot be explained by any actual physical disorder or other well-described mental disorders such as depression. |
| substance-related disorders | regular overuse of psychoactive substnce (alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, opioids, and sedative) that affect the central nervous system. |
| superego | internalized conscience and moral part of the personality. |
| amphetamines | central nervous system stimulants that may be used to treat depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. |
| atypical antipsychotics | drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior |
| benzodiazepines | drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks. |
| cognitive behavioral therapy | conditioning is used to relieve anxiety and improve symptoms of illness. |
| electroconvulsive therapy | electric current is used to produce changes in brain wave patterns with resulting convulsions and loss of consciousness; effective in the treatment of major depression. Modern techniques use anesthesia, so the convulsion is not observable. |
| family therapy | treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts. |
| free association | psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind. |
| group therapy | group of patients with similar problems gain insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other. |
| hypnosis | trance is used to increase the pace of psychotherapy. |
| insight-oriented therapy | face-to-face discussion of life problems and assocaited feelings. |
| lithium | medication used to treat the manic stage of manic-depressive illness. |
| neuroleptic drug | any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms. examples are atypical antipsychotics. |
| phenothiazines | antipsychotic drugs |
| play therapy | treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings unable to be communicated in a direct manner. |
| psychoanalysis | treatment that allows that patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior. |
| psychodrama | group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and socal roles with other patients. |
| psychopharmacology | treatment of psychiatric diorders with drugs. |
| sedatives | drugs that lessen anxiety |
| supportive psychotherapy | offering encouragement support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events. |
| transference | Psychoanalytic process in which that patient relates to the therapist as though the therapist were a prominent childhood figure. |
| tricyclic antidepressants | drugs used to treat severe depression; three-ringed fused structure |
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