MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
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Medical Terminology | composed of several word parts; refers to how professionals in the medical field speak to each other.
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word root | main meaning
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combining forms | word rood + vowel ex: gast/o, enter/o, cardi/o
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combining vowels | links word root to the next word part
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suffixes | word parts that are at the end of the word such as pathological(disease) conditions
Diagnostic, surgical procedures, pertaining to, produced by and resembling; ex: cardi/o + megaly=cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
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adip | fat
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arti/o | artery
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arthr/o | joint
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axil/o | armpit
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blephar/o | eyelid
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cardi/o | heart
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cephal/o | head
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cerebr/o | brain
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cervic/p | neck
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cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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col/o | large intestine
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cost/o | rib
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crani/o | skull
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cyst/o | urinary bladder
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cyt/o | cell
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derm/o | skin
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enter/o | small intestines
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esophagus/o | esophagus
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gastr/o | stomach
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hem/o | blood
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hepat/o | liver
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ren/o or nephr/o | kidneys
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lapar/o | abdominal wall
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laryng/o | voice box
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myel/o | spinal cord
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nas/o or rhino | nose
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neur/o | nerves
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ophthalm/o | eye
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or/o or stomat/o | mouth
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oste/o | bone
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ot/o | ear
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pancreat/o | pancreas
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pharyng/o | throat
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pneum/o | lung
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splen/o | spleen
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thorac/0 | chest
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thyroid/o | thyroid
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trache/o | windpipe, trachea
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ven/o | vein
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vertebr/o | vertebra
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-ac,-al, -ar, -ary -eal, -iac, -ic, -ical, -ose, -ous, -tic | pertaining to
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-algia | pain
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-centesis | surgical puncture
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-cide | to kill, destroy
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-cyte | cell
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-ectomy | removal/surgical
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-emia | blood
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-gram | record
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-graph | record
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-graphy | an instrument used to record
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-ia | condition, esp. an abdominal state
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-ism | condition
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-itis | inflammation
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-lithiasis | presence of or formation of stones
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-logy | study ex:cardiology study of the heart
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megaly | enlargement ex: hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)
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-oid | resembling
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-oma | tumor
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-ontomy | surgical incision
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-pathy | disease ex:encephailopathy disease of the brain
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-plasty | surgical or plastic repair ex: rhinoplasty plastic surgery of the nose
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-plegia | paralysis ex hemiplegia paralysis of one side of the body
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-pnea | breathing, respiration ex: apena
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-rrhea | drainage, flow, discharge ex:rhinorrhea drainage of the nose
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-scope | instrument used to view ex: otoscope instrument used to examine the ear-sta
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-scopy | examination using a scope ex:simiodoscopy examination of the sigmoid colon using a scope
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-stasis | stoppage; controlling, standing ex: venostasis stoppage of blood
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-stomy | surgically create an artificial mouth or stoma (opening) ex: colonstomy surgical opening into the colon to create a stoma
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Common Prefixes a-/an- | w/o, not, absence of ex anuria absence of urine formation
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anti- | against ex; antibiotics substance that inhibits growth of or destroys microorganisms
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auto- | self ex autoimmune disease that results in immune response to one own body
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bi- | two/double
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brady | slow ex bradycardia-slow heart rate
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dys | bad, difficult, painful, abnormal ex:dyspnea difficulty breathing
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epi- | over, above, upon ex epigastric over the stomach
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eu- | good, normal ex:eupnea normal breathing
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hemi- | half ex hemiplegia paralysis of one side of the body
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hyper- | above excessive ex hypertension high blood pressure
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hypo- | low ex hypotension low blood pressure
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inter- | between ex intercostal between the ribs
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multi- | many ex multinodal having many nodes or knots
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non- | not nontoxic not toxic
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peri- | around ex perianal around the anus
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poly- | many, much ex polyuria excretion of large amounts of urine
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post- | after, behind postoperative following surgical procedure
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pre- | before in front ex preoperative before surgical procedure
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pseudo- | false ex pseudohematuria red pigment in the urine that makes the urine "falsey" appear to have blood in it
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quadri- | four ex quadplegia paralysis of all four extremities
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semi | half ex semipermeable half permeable-a membrane that allows fluids but not the dissolved substance to pass through
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sub- | under, below ex susternal below the sternum
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supra- | above, over suprapubic above the pubic area
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tachy- | fast rapid ex tachycaria rapid heart rate
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tri- | three ex trichotomy division into 3 parts
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ad lib | freely; at will, as necessary
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a.c. | before a meal
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asap | as soon as possible
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b.i.d. | twice a day
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bm | bowel movement
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bp | blood pressure
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- c | with
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CDC | center for diseases control and prevention
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c/o C/O | complains of
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h | hour
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H20 | water
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HTN | hypertension
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I&O | intake and output
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lab | laboratory
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NPO | nothing by mouth
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N&V | nausea and vomitting
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O2 | oxygen
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- p | after
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p.c. | after meals
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p | pulse
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PO, p.o. | by mouth
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p.r.n. | as needed
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q.h. qh | every for hours
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qid QID, qid | four times a day
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R | respiration
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- s | without
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stat | immediately
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T | temperature
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tid, t.i.d. TID | three times a day
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TPR | temperature, pulse and respiration
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Tx | traction or treatment
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URI | urinary tract infection
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VS, vs | vital signs
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wt | weight
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x | multiplied by times
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