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CHAPTER 4
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medical Terminology | composed of several word parts; refers to how professionals in the medical field speak to each other. |
| word root | main meaning |
| combining forms | word rood + vowel ex: gast/o, enter/o, cardi/o |
| combining vowels | links word root to the next word part |
| suffixes | word parts that are at the end of the word such as pathological(disease) conditions Diagnostic, surgical procedures, pertaining to, produced by and resembling; ex: cardi/o + megaly=cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) |
| adip | fat |
| arti/o | artery |
| arthr/o | joint |
| axil/o | armpit |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| cardi/o | heart |
| cephal/o | head |
| cerebr/o | brain |
| cervic/p | neck |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| col/o | large intestine |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | skull |
| cyst/o | urinary bladder |
| cyt/o | cell |
| derm/o | skin |
| enter/o | small intestines |
| esophagus/o | esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| hem/o | blood |
| hepat/o | liver |
| ren/o or nephr/o | kidneys |
| lapar/o | abdominal wall |
| laryng/o | voice box |
| myel/o | spinal cord |
| nas/o or rhino | nose |
| neur/o | nerves |
| ophthalm/o | eye |
| or/o or stomat/o | mouth |
| oste/o | bone |
| ot/o | ear |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pharyng/o | throat |
| pneum/o | lung |
| splen/o | spleen |
| thorac/0 | chest |
| thyroid/o | thyroid |
| trache/o | windpipe, trachea |
| ven/o | vein |
| vertebr/o | vertebra |
| -ac,-al, -ar, -ary -eal, -iac, -ic, -ical, -ose, -ous, -tic | pertaining to |
| -algia | pain |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| -cide | to kill, destroy |
| -cyte | cell |
| -ectomy | removal/surgical |
| -emia | blood |
| -gram | record |
| -graph | record |
| -graphy | an instrument used to record |
| -ia | condition, esp. an abdominal state |
| -ism | condition |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -lithiasis | presence of or formation of stones |
| -logy | study ex:cardiology study of the heart |
| megaly | enlargement ex: hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver) |
| -oid | resembling |
| -oma | tumor |
| -ontomy | surgical incision |
| -pathy | disease ex:encephailopathy disease of the brain |
| -plasty | surgical or plastic repair ex: rhinoplasty plastic surgery of the nose |
| -plegia | paralysis ex hemiplegia paralysis of one side of the body |
| -pnea | breathing, respiration ex: apena |
| -rrhea | drainage, flow, discharge ex:rhinorrhea drainage of the nose |
| -scope | instrument used to view ex: otoscope instrument used to examine the ear-sta |
| -scopy | examination using a scope ex:simiodoscopy examination of the sigmoid colon using a scope |
| -stasis | stoppage; controlling, standing ex: venostasis stoppage of blood |
| -stomy | surgically create an artificial mouth or stoma (opening) ex: colonstomy surgical opening into the colon to create a stoma |
| Common Prefixes a-/an- | w/o, not, absence of ex anuria absence of urine formation |
| anti- | against ex; antibiotics substance that inhibits growth of or destroys microorganisms |
| auto- | self ex autoimmune disease that results in immune response to one own body |
| bi- | two/double |
| brady | slow ex bradycardia-slow heart rate |
| dys | bad, difficult, painful, abnormal ex:dyspnea difficulty breathing |
| epi- | over, above, upon ex epigastric over the stomach |
| eu- | good, normal ex:eupnea normal breathing |
| hemi- | half ex hemiplegia paralysis of one side of the body |
| hyper- | above excessive ex hypertension high blood pressure |
| hypo- | low ex hypotension low blood pressure |
| inter- | between ex intercostal between the ribs |
| multi- | many ex multinodal having many nodes or knots |
| non- | not nontoxic not toxic |
| peri- | around ex perianal around the anus |
| poly- | many, much ex polyuria excretion of large amounts of urine |
| post- | after, behind postoperative following surgical procedure |
| pre- | before in front ex preoperative before surgical procedure |
| pseudo- | false ex pseudohematuria red pigment in the urine that makes the urine "falsey" appear to have blood in it |
| quadri- | four ex quadplegia paralysis of all four extremities |
| semi | half ex semipermeable half permeable-a membrane that allows fluids but not the dissolved substance to pass through |
| sub- | under, below ex susternal below the sternum |
| supra- | above, over suprapubic above the pubic area |
| tachy- | fast rapid ex tachycaria rapid heart rate |
| tri- | three ex trichotomy division into 3 parts |
| ad lib | freely; at will, as necessary |
| a.c. | before a meal |
| asap | as soon as possible |
| b.i.d. | twice a day |
| bm | bowel movement |
| bp | blood pressure |
| - c | with |
| CDC | center for diseases control and prevention |
| c/o C/O | complains of |
| h | hour |
| H20 | water |
| HTN | hypertension |
| I&O | intake and output |
| lab | laboratory |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| N&V | nausea and vomitting |
| O2 | oxygen |
| - p | after |
| p.c. | after meals |
| p | pulse |
| PO, p.o. | by mouth |
| p.r.n. | as needed |
| q.h. qh | every for hours |
| qid QID, qid | four times a day |
| R | respiration |
| - s | without |
| stat | immediately |
| T | temperature |
| tid, t.i.d. TID | three times a day |
| TPR | temperature, pulse and respiration |
| Tx | traction or treatment |
| URI | urinary tract infection |
| VS, vs | vital signs |
| wt | weight |
| x | multiplied by times |
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