Urinary System
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Nephr/o OR ren/o | Kidney(s)
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| The kidneys are located on each side of the spinal column in the | Flank OR retroperitoneal region
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| The kidneys are bilateral organs responsible for: | 1.)removing Nitrogenous(N)wastes from the blood
2.)Regulating fluid(H2O)balance AND Blood Pressure(BP)
3.)Maintaining pH balance (pH=acid alkaline)
4.)Hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)=Formation and creation
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| Examples of Nitrogenous(N) waste include: | 1.)Urea( I just met a girl named urea)
2.)Uric acid
3.)Creatinine
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| The kidneys regulate water balance in the body by regulating the | Salts
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| The salts of the body are called | Electrolytes("lytes")
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| Electrolytes("Lytes")include: | 1.)sodium(Na)
2.)Potassium(K)
3.)Chloride(CL)
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| Remember-where salt goes,water(H2O)follows which means | If you retain salt(Na)you will retain water(H2O)
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| Excess fluid can be referred to as | Edema(edematous)
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| Nephron | A kidney cell
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| Nephritis | Inflammation of a kidney
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| Nephrectomy | Surgical removal of a kidney
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| Nephromegaly | Enlargement of a kidney
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| Nephroptosis | Drooping or sagging(prolapse)of a kidney
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| Nephroma | Tumor or mass of a kidney
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| Hydronephrosis | Abnormal condition of excess water(fluid)in a kidney
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| Nephrohypertropy | Excessive growth OR developement of a kidney
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| Nephrolithiasis | Abnormal condition of (a)kidney stone(s)
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| A stone is AKA | Calculus<--(singular)
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| Stones are called | Calculi<---(plural)
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| Nephrogram | A record (X-ray) of a kidney
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| Nephrography | The process of recording(X-ray)a kidney
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| Nephrosonography | The process of recording a kidney using sound waves
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| Nephrostomy | An artificial opening into a kidney
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| Nephropexy | Surgical fixation of a kidney
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| Nephrotomography | The process of recording X-ray picture slices of a kidney
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| Nephroscopy | The process of veiwing a kidney with a lighted instrument
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| Renal | Pertaining to a kidney
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| Infra | Below
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| Infrarenal | Pertaining to below a kidney
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| Renal biopsy(Bx) | Cytology test of a kidney sample
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| Renogram | A record of a kidney using injectable radioactive contast material
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| Radioactive Diagnostic Imaging(DI)is performed in | Nuclear medicine
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| Renal transplant(transplantation) | Surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace nonfunctioning kidneys
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| Ureter/o | Ureter(s)
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| The ureters are | Bilateral tubes(vessls,ducts)that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder(two "e"s two tubes)
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| Ureteritis | Inflammation of a ureter
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| Ureterostenosis | Narrowing(stricture) of a ureter
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| Ureterotomy | Surgical incision of a ureter
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| Ureterectomy | Excision of a ureter
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| Ureterolithiasis | Abnormal condition of stone(s) in the ureter
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| Ureterocele | Hernation of a ureter
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| Ureterogram | A record(X-ray) of a ureter
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| Ureterostomy | An artificial opening into a ureter
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| Cyst/o OR vesic/o | Urinary bladder
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| The urinary bladder is | An elastic sac that acts as a reservoir(storage container)for urine
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| Cystitis | Inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| Cystectomy | Excision of the urinary bladder
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| Cystolithiasis OR vesicolithiasis | An abnormal condition of a stone(s)in the urinary bladder
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| Cystocele OR vesicocele | Herniation of the urinary bladder
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| Cystotomy OR vesicotomy | Surgical incision of the urinary bladder
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| Cystouteterogram OR vesicoureterogram | A record(X-ray)of the urinary bladder AND ureter
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| Cystolithotomy OR vesicolithotomy | Surgical incision of the urinary bladder to remove a stone(s)
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| Cystolithectomy | Surgical removal of a stone(s)in the urinary bladder
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| Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) | Backward flow(reflux) of the urine from the urinary bladder into a ureter
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| Cystorrhaphy | Suturing the urinary bladder
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| Cystostomy OR vesicostomy | An artificial opening into the urinary bladder
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| Cystogram | A record (X-ray) of the urinary bladder
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| Cystography | The process of recording (X-ray) the urinary bladder
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| Cystoscope | a lighted instrument to veiw the urinary bladder
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| Cystoscopy | The process of veiwing the urinary bladder with a lighted instrument
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| Pyel/o | Renal pelvis
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| A renal pelvis is where | A ureter connects to a kidney
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| Pyelitis | Imflammation of a renal pelvis
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| Pyelonephritis | Imflammation of a renal pelvis AND a kidney
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| Intravenous Pyelogram(IVP)OR Intravenous Urogram(IVU) | A record(X-ray)of the renal pelves after IntraVenous(IV)injection of a radiopaque(contast)dye
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| Pyelolithotomy | Surgical incision of a renal pelvis to remove a stone(s)
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| Pyelolithectomy | Surgical removal of a stone in a renal pelvis
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| Pyeloplasty | Surgical repair of a renal pelvis
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| Pyelostomy | An artificial opening into a renal pelvis
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| Cystopyelogram | A record(X-ray)of the urinary bladder AND renal pelvis
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| Cystopyelography | The process of recording(X-ray)the urinary bladder AND renal pelvis
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| Urethr/o | Urethra
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| The female urethra is the | Vessel(duct,tube)that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the urethral(urinary)meatus(os,orifice)(one E one tube)
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| Urethrocystitis | Inflammation of the urethra AND urinary bladder
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| Urthropexy | Surgical fixation of the urethra
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| Urethroplasty | Surgical repair of the urethra
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| Urethrotomy | Surgical incision of the urethra
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| Urethroscope | A lighted instrument to veiw the urethra
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| Urethrometer | An instrument to measure the urethra
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| Urethrostomy | An artificial opening into the urethra
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| Cystourethrogram | A record(X-ray)of the urinary bladder AND the urethra
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| Azot/o | Nitrogen(N)
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| Azotemia(azotemic) | A blood condition of excissive Nitrogenous(N)waste AKA Uremia (uremic)
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| Urin/o OR ur/o | Urine
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| Urine | Fluidic waste produced by the kidneys
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| UrinAlysis(UA) | A chemical analysis of urine
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| Urologist | A specialist in the study of the urinary system AND the male reproductive system
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| Urinal | A calibrated receptacle(container)for urine
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| Calibrated (calibration)refers to a | Method of measurement
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| -Uria | Urine OR urination
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| Nocturia | A condition of chronic(persistent)night urination
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| Dysuria(dysuric) | A condition of painful or difficult urination
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| Anuria(anuric) | A condition of no urine production
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| Hematuria | A condition of blood in the urine
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| Bacteriuria(bacteriuric) | A condition of bacteria in the urine
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| Oliguria (oliguric) | A condition of scanty(deficient)urine
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| Pyuria | A condition of pus in the urine
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| Pus primarily consists of | Necrosed leukocytes(WBCs)
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| Glycosuria(glycosuric) | A condition of glucose(sugar) in the urine
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| Ketonuria OR ketones | A condition of ketones(acetones)in the urine
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| Albuminuria OR proteinuria | A condition of albumin (protein)in the urine
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| Urinate OR urination | The act of discharging (releasing)urine AKA void(ing)OR micturition(micturate)
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| Urinary frequency | The urge to void at frequent intervals
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| Urinary hesitancy | Involuntary delay in intiating(starting)micturition
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| Urinary retention | Accumulation of urine in the urinary bladde due to the inability to uinate
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| Urinary urgency | An unusually sudden urge to void
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| Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy(ESWL) | Crushing stone(s)using sound waves from outside the body
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| Diuresis(diuretic) | Increased secretion of urine AKA polyuria
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| Lithotrite | Instrument used to crush a stone in the urinary bladder
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| Fulguration | Destruction of tissue with an electric spark(cauterization)
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| Urinary catheter(cath) | Flexible tube-like device for withdrawing AND installing fluids
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| Indwelling(retention)urinary catheter | A urinary catheter that remains within the Patient(PT)
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| Foley | A manufacturer of urinary catheters
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| CBI | Continuous Bladder Irrigation
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| The solution commonly used for continuous Bladder Irrigation(CBI)is | Normal Saline Solution(NSS)
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| Straight OR non-retention catheter | A urinary catheter that is inserted to obtain a specimen OR to empty the urinary bladder AND then removed
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| Residual urine | Urine that remains in the urinary bladder after voiding
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| Distended(distention) | Stretched out
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| Involunary urinaion AKA | Urinary incontinence
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| Hemodialysis(HD) | Artificial removal of toxins(poisons)from the blood
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| Another type of dialysis is | Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis(CAPD)
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| Hypokalemia(hypokalemic) | A blood condition of deficient potassium(K)
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| HperNatremia(hpernatremic) | A blood condition of excessive sodium(Na)
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| Stricture | Abnormal narrowing(stenosis)
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| Clean catch(midstream)urine sample | A technique used to obtain an uncontaminated urine sample
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| BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen
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| A Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN)is a | BLOOD TEST for kidney function
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| KUB | A NON RADIOPAQUE X-ray of the kidneys,ureters,AND urinary bladder
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| VCUG | Voiding CystoUrethrogram
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| UTI | Urinary Tract Infection
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| NaCI | Sodium chloride(table salt)
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| KCI | Potassium chloride
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| GU | Genitourinary
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| pH | A measure of acidity OR alkalinity
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| Gravid/o OR cyes/o OR cyes/i | Pregnancy AKA gestation
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| Pregnancy(gestation)is the | development of a fertilized Ovum
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| Cyesis | Pregnancy(gestation)
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| Cyesiology | The study of pregnancy(gestation)
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| Pseudocyesis | False pregnancy(gestation)
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| Salpingocyesis | Pregnancy(gestation)occuring in a fallopian tube AKA tubal pregnancy
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| Amni/o OR amnion/o | Amnion
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| The amnion is the | Membranous sac that surrounds the embryo/fetus
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| Amniocentesis | Surgical puncture of the amnion
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| An amniocentesis is usually performed after | 14 weeks of gestation(pregnancy)
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| Amniotic fluid will be aspirated AND tested to detect | Genetic anomalies(abnormalities)
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| Amnioscope | A usually lighted instrument used to view the amnion
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| Amnioscopy | The process of using a lighted instrument to veiw the amnion
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| Amnionitis | Inflammation of the amnion
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| Amniorrhea | Flow(discharge)of amniotic fluid
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| Amniorrhexis | Rupture of the amnion
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| The layperson would say that their | "water broke"
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| Amniotomy | Surgical incision of the amnion
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| The layperson would say that the doctor | "broke my water"
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| An amniotomy is performed to | Induce(initiate)labor
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| Fet/o | Fetus
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| Fetal | Pertaining to a fetus
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| Fetogram | A record of a fetus AKA sonogram
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| Fetometry | The process of measuring a fetus
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| Nat/o | Birth AKA parturition
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| Natal | Pertaining to birth(parturition)
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| Prenatal | Pertaining to before birth(parturition)
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| Postnatal | Pertaining to after birth(parturition)
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| Neonatal | Pertaining to a New Born (NB)AKA neonate(1st four weeks)
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| Par/o OR part/o | birth(s)
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| Para | Number of births
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| Para III | Three births
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| Primiparous | Pertaining to the first birth
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| Multiparous(multip) | Pertaining to more then one birth
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| Nulliparous | Pertaining to no births
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| Antepartum | Pertaining to before birth
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| Intrapartum | Pertaining to within (during)labor AND birth
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| Postpartum | Pertaining to after birth
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| Omphal/o(willy wonka) | Umbilical cord
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| The umbilical cord connects the embryo/fetus to the | Placenta
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| The layperson calls the placenta the | "afterbirth"
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| The placenta is the | Connection between the embryonic/fetal blood AND maternal (mother)blood
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| Omphalitis | Imflammation of the umbilical cord
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| Omphalocele | Congenital herniation of the abdominal contents through the umbilical cord
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| Congenital | Acquired during pregnancy(gestation)
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| Lact/o | Milk
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| Lactic | pertaining to milk
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| Lactogenic | Pertaining to production of milk(lactation)
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| Viable(viability) | The ability of a fetus to live outside of the uterus
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| Dystocia | A condition of difficult labor OR delivery(parturition)
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| Embryotocia | Delivery (parturition)of an embryo AKA "spontanous abortion"OR miscarriage
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| Abortion | Termination of pregnancy(gestation)
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| Abruptio placentae(placental abruption) | Permature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
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| Placenta previa | Abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall
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| Cleft lip(labia)AND/OR cleft palate | Congenital split of a lip(labia)AND/OR roof of the oral cavity(palate)
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| A cleft is a | Fissure,crack OR groove
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| Palatoplasty | Surgical repair of a palate
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| Labioplasty | Surgical repair of a lip(labia)
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| Embryogenic | Pertaining to creation of an embryo
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| Embryoid | Resembling a embryo
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| Embryologist | A specialist in the study of embryos
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| Gravida | Number of pregnancies
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| Gravida III para II means | Three pregnancies AND two births
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| Gravida II para III means | Two pregnancies AND three births
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| Gravida II para III indicates | Twins OR triplets
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| Identical twins | ONe fertilzed ovum(egg)spilts AND the genetic material (DNA)is shared
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| Fraternal twins | Ovulation of two ova(eggs)which are fertilized
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| Ovulation | Expulsion of am ovum(egg)from an ovary
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| Primigravida | First pregnancy(gestation)
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| Multigravida | More then one pregnancy(gestation)
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| Nulligravida | No pregnancies
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| Gravidopuerperal | Pertaining to pregnancy (gestation)AND immediately after birth(parturition)
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| Effacement | Shortening,thinning AND stretching of the vagina during labor
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| Ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy(gestation)occuring outside of the uterus
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| Pelvimetry | The process of measuring the pelvis
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| Breech birth | A malpresentation (malposition)where the fetus is not in a head first (cephalic)position
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| Vertex presentation(optimal) | The occipal(back) portion of the fetal head leads the way during parturition AKA Right OccipitoAnterior(ROA)AND Left OccipitoAnterior(LOA)
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| Lochia | Vaginal discharge after birth (parturition)
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| Meconium(macaronium) | First stool(black)of the neonate
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| Obstetrics(OB) | Medical specialty dealing with gestation AND puerperium
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| Puerperium | Period of time covering six weeks after birth(parturition)
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| Infant | The offspring from the 5th week to 1 year
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| Premature infant | Neonate(newborn)before 37 weeks of gestation(pregnancy)
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| Isolette | A transparent container where premature neonates(newborns)are placed to receive warmth AND O2(oxygen)AKA an incubator
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| Apgar score | An evaluation of a neonate's extrauterine ability at 1 minute AND 5 minutes after birht AND includes:Heart Rate(HR)respiratory effort,muscle tone,reflexs,AND color
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| C/S OR C-section | Cesarean Section
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| A C-section(C/S)is | Delivery of the offspring through an abdominopelvic incision
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| EDD | Estimated Date of Delivery AKA the "due date"
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| RDS | Respiratory distress Syndrome
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| NICU | Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
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| IVF | In Vitro Fertilization
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| In Vitro Fertilization(IVF)refers to | ova fertilized outside of the body AND artificially inseminated
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| L+D | Labor and Delivery
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| Chorionic Villus Sampling | A Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)is a test to detect fetal genetic abnormalities(anomalies)
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| HCG OR hCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
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| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin(HCG) is a | Hormone that can be detected in the serum OR urine of a pregnant woman
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| EPT | Early Pregnancy Test(detects HCG)
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| IUGR | IntraUterine Growth Rate
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| R/O | Rule Out(vaginal bleeding R/O embryotocia)
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| FEKG | Fetal Electrocardiogram
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| FHR | Fetal Heart Rate
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| FHT | Fetal Heart Tone
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| Fetal Electrocardiogram (FEKG)Fetal Heart rate(FHR)AND Fetal Heart Tone (FHT) all refers to | Fetal monitoring
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