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Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nephr/o OR ren/o | Kidney(s) |
| The kidneys are located on each side of the spinal column in the | Flank OR retroperitoneal region |
| The kidneys are bilateral organs responsible for: | 1.)removing Nitrogenous(N)wastes from the blood 2.)Regulating fluid(H2O)balance AND Blood Pressure(BP) 3.)Maintaining pH balance (pH=acid alkaline) 4.)Hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)=Formation and creation |
| Examples of Nitrogenous(N) waste include: | 1.)Urea( I just met a girl named urea) 2.)Uric acid 3.)Creatinine |
| The kidneys regulate water balance in the body by regulating the | Salts |
| The salts of the body are called | Electrolytes("lytes") |
| Electrolytes("Lytes")include: | 1.)sodium(Na) 2.)Potassium(K) 3.)Chloride(CL) |
| Remember-where salt goes,water(H2O)follows which means | If you retain salt(Na)you will retain water(H2O) |
| Excess fluid can be referred to as | Edema(edematous) |
| Nephron | A kidney cell |
| Nephritis | Inflammation of a kidney |
| Nephrectomy | Surgical removal of a kidney |
| Nephromegaly | Enlargement of a kidney |
| Nephroptosis | Drooping or sagging(prolapse)of a kidney |
| Nephroma | Tumor or mass of a kidney |
| Hydronephrosis | Abnormal condition of excess water(fluid)in a kidney |
| Nephrohypertropy | Excessive growth OR developement of a kidney |
| Nephrolithiasis | Abnormal condition of (a)kidney stone(s) |
| A stone is AKA | Calculus<--(singular) |
| Stones are called | Calculi<---(plural) |
| Nephrogram | A record (X-ray) of a kidney |
| Nephrography | The process of recording(X-ray)a kidney |
| Nephrosonography | The process of recording a kidney using sound waves |
| Nephrostomy | An artificial opening into a kidney |
| Nephropexy | Surgical fixation of a kidney |
| Nephrotomography | The process of recording X-ray picture slices of a kidney |
| Nephroscopy | The process of veiwing a kidney with a lighted instrument |
| Renal | Pertaining to a kidney |
| Infra | Below |
| Infrarenal | Pertaining to below a kidney |
| Renal biopsy(Bx) | Cytology test of a kidney sample |
| Renogram | A record of a kidney using injectable radioactive contast material |
| Radioactive Diagnostic Imaging(DI)is performed in | Nuclear medicine |
| Renal transplant(transplantation) | Surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace nonfunctioning kidneys |
| Ureter/o | Ureter(s) |
| The ureters are | Bilateral tubes(vessls,ducts)that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder(two "e"s two tubes) |
| Ureteritis | Inflammation of a ureter |
| Ureterostenosis | Narrowing(stricture) of a ureter |
| Ureterotomy | Surgical incision of a ureter |
| Ureterectomy | Excision of a ureter |
| Ureterolithiasis | Abnormal condition of stone(s) in the ureter |
| Ureterocele | Hernation of a ureter |
| Ureterogram | A record(X-ray) of a ureter |
| Ureterostomy | An artificial opening into a ureter |
| Cyst/o OR vesic/o | Urinary bladder |
| The urinary bladder is | An elastic sac that acts as a reservoir(storage container)for urine |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the urinary bladder |
| Cystectomy | Excision of the urinary bladder |
| Cystolithiasis OR vesicolithiasis | An abnormal condition of a stone(s)in the urinary bladder |
| Cystocele OR vesicocele | Herniation of the urinary bladder |
| Cystotomy OR vesicotomy | Surgical incision of the urinary bladder |
| Cystouteterogram OR vesicoureterogram | A record(X-ray)of the urinary bladder AND ureter |
| Cystolithotomy OR vesicolithotomy | Surgical incision of the urinary bladder to remove a stone(s) |
| Cystolithectomy | Surgical removal of a stone(s)in the urinary bladder |
| Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) | Backward flow(reflux) of the urine from the urinary bladder into a ureter |
| Cystorrhaphy | Suturing the urinary bladder |
| Cystostomy OR vesicostomy | An artificial opening into the urinary bladder |
| Cystogram | A record (X-ray) of the urinary bladder |
| Cystography | The process of recording (X-ray) the urinary bladder |
| Cystoscope | a lighted instrument to veiw the urinary bladder |
| Cystoscopy | The process of veiwing the urinary bladder with a lighted instrument |
| Pyel/o | Renal pelvis |
| A renal pelvis is where | A ureter connects to a kidney |
| Pyelitis | Imflammation of a renal pelvis |
| Pyelonephritis | Imflammation of a renal pelvis AND a kidney |
| Intravenous Pyelogram(IVP)OR Intravenous Urogram(IVU) | A record(X-ray)of the renal pelves after IntraVenous(IV)injection of a radiopaque(contast)dye |
| Pyelolithotomy | Surgical incision of a renal pelvis to remove a stone(s) |
| Pyelolithectomy | Surgical removal of a stone in a renal pelvis |
| Pyeloplasty | Surgical repair of a renal pelvis |
| Pyelostomy | An artificial opening into a renal pelvis |
| Cystopyelogram | A record(X-ray)of the urinary bladder AND renal pelvis |
| Cystopyelography | The process of recording(X-ray)the urinary bladder AND renal pelvis |
| Urethr/o | Urethra |
| The female urethra is the | Vessel(duct,tube)that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the urethral(urinary)meatus(os,orifice)(one E one tube) |
| Urethrocystitis | Inflammation of the urethra AND urinary bladder |
| Urthropexy | Surgical fixation of the urethra |
| Urethroplasty | Surgical repair of the urethra |
| Urethrotomy | Surgical incision of the urethra |
| Urethroscope | A lighted instrument to veiw the urethra |
| Urethrometer | An instrument to measure the urethra |
| Urethrostomy | An artificial opening into the urethra |
| Cystourethrogram | A record(X-ray)of the urinary bladder AND the urethra |
| Azot/o | Nitrogen(N) |
| Azotemia(azotemic) | A blood condition of excissive Nitrogenous(N)waste AKA Uremia (uremic) |
| Urin/o OR ur/o | Urine |
| Urine | Fluidic waste produced by the kidneys |
| UrinAlysis(UA) | A chemical analysis of urine |
| Urologist | A specialist in the study of the urinary system AND the male reproductive system |
| Urinal | A calibrated receptacle(container)for urine |
| Calibrated (calibration)refers to a | Method of measurement |
| -Uria | Urine OR urination |
| Nocturia | A condition of chronic(persistent)night urination |
| Dysuria(dysuric) | A condition of painful or difficult urination |
| Anuria(anuric) | A condition of no urine production |
| Hematuria | A condition of blood in the urine |
| Bacteriuria(bacteriuric) | A condition of bacteria in the urine |
| Oliguria (oliguric) | A condition of scanty(deficient)urine |
| Pyuria | A condition of pus in the urine |
| Pus primarily consists of | Necrosed leukocytes(WBCs) |
| Glycosuria(glycosuric) | A condition of glucose(sugar) in the urine |
| Ketonuria OR ketones | A condition of ketones(acetones)in the urine |
| Albuminuria OR proteinuria | A condition of albumin (protein)in the urine |
| Urinate OR urination | The act of discharging (releasing)urine AKA void(ing)OR micturition(micturate) |
| Urinary frequency | The urge to void at frequent intervals |
| Urinary hesitancy | Involuntary delay in intiating(starting)micturition |
| Urinary retention | Accumulation of urine in the urinary bladde due to the inability to uinate |
| Urinary urgency | An unusually sudden urge to void |
| Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy(ESWL) | Crushing stone(s)using sound waves from outside the body |
| Diuresis(diuretic) | Increased secretion of urine AKA polyuria |
| Lithotrite | Instrument used to crush a stone in the urinary bladder |
| Fulguration | Destruction of tissue with an electric spark(cauterization) |
| Urinary catheter(cath) | Flexible tube-like device for withdrawing AND installing fluids |
| Indwelling(retention)urinary catheter | A urinary catheter that remains within the Patient(PT) |
| Foley | A manufacturer of urinary catheters |
| CBI | Continuous Bladder Irrigation |
| The solution commonly used for continuous Bladder Irrigation(CBI)is | Normal Saline Solution(NSS) |
| Straight OR non-retention catheter | A urinary catheter that is inserted to obtain a specimen OR to empty the urinary bladder AND then removed |
| Residual urine | Urine that remains in the urinary bladder after voiding |
| Distended(distention) | Stretched out |
| Involunary urinaion AKA | Urinary incontinence |
| Hemodialysis(HD) | Artificial removal of toxins(poisons)from the blood |
| Another type of dialysis is | Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis(CAPD) |
| Hypokalemia(hypokalemic) | A blood condition of deficient potassium(K) |
| HperNatremia(hpernatremic) | A blood condition of excessive sodium(Na) |
| Stricture | Abnormal narrowing(stenosis) |
| Clean catch(midstream)urine sample | A technique used to obtain an uncontaminated urine sample |
| BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen |
| A Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN)is a | BLOOD TEST for kidney function |
| KUB | A NON RADIOPAQUE X-ray of the kidneys,ureters,AND urinary bladder |
| VCUG | Voiding CystoUrethrogram |
| UTI | Urinary Tract Infection |
| NaCI | Sodium chloride(table salt) |
| KCI | Potassium chloride |
| GU | Genitourinary |
| pH | A measure of acidity OR alkalinity |
| Gravid/o OR cyes/o OR cyes/i | Pregnancy AKA gestation |
| Pregnancy(gestation)is the | development of a fertilized Ovum |
| Cyesis | Pregnancy(gestation) |
| Cyesiology | The study of pregnancy(gestation) |
| Pseudocyesis | False pregnancy(gestation) |
| Salpingocyesis | Pregnancy(gestation)occuring in a fallopian tube AKA tubal pregnancy |
| Amni/o OR amnion/o | Amnion |
| The amnion is the | Membranous sac that surrounds the embryo/fetus |
| Amniocentesis | Surgical puncture of the amnion |
| An amniocentesis is usually performed after | 14 weeks of gestation(pregnancy) |
| Amniotic fluid will be aspirated AND tested to detect | Genetic anomalies(abnormalities) |
| Amnioscope | A usually lighted instrument used to view the amnion |
| Amnioscopy | The process of using a lighted instrument to veiw the amnion |
| Amnionitis | Inflammation of the amnion |
| Amniorrhea | Flow(discharge)of amniotic fluid |
| Amniorrhexis | Rupture of the amnion |
| The layperson would say that their | "water broke" |
| Amniotomy | Surgical incision of the amnion |
| The layperson would say that the doctor | "broke my water" |
| An amniotomy is performed to | Induce(initiate)labor |
| Fet/o | Fetus |
| Fetal | Pertaining to a fetus |
| Fetogram | A record of a fetus AKA sonogram |
| Fetometry | The process of measuring a fetus |
| Nat/o | Birth AKA parturition |
| Natal | Pertaining to birth(parturition) |
| Prenatal | Pertaining to before birth(parturition) |
| Postnatal | Pertaining to after birth(parturition) |
| Neonatal | Pertaining to a New Born (NB)AKA neonate(1st four weeks) |
| Par/o OR part/o | birth(s) |
| Para | Number of births |
| Para III | Three births |
| Primiparous | Pertaining to the first birth |
| Multiparous(multip) | Pertaining to more then one birth |
| Nulliparous | Pertaining to no births |
| Antepartum | Pertaining to before birth |
| Intrapartum | Pertaining to within (during)labor AND birth |
| Postpartum | Pertaining to after birth |
| Omphal/o(willy wonka) | Umbilical cord |
| The umbilical cord connects the embryo/fetus to the | Placenta |
| The layperson calls the placenta the | "afterbirth" |
| The placenta is the | Connection between the embryonic/fetal blood AND maternal (mother)blood |
| Omphalitis | Imflammation of the umbilical cord |
| Omphalocele | Congenital herniation of the abdominal contents through the umbilical cord |
| Congenital | Acquired during pregnancy(gestation) |
| Lact/o | Milk |
| Lactic | pertaining to milk |
| Lactogenic | Pertaining to production of milk(lactation) |
| Viable(viability) | The ability of a fetus to live outside of the uterus |
| Dystocia | A condition of difficult labor OR delivery(parturition) |
| Embryotocia | Delivery (parturition)of an embryo AKA "spontanous abortion"OR miscarriage |
| Abortion | Termination of pregnancy(gestation) |
| Abruptio placentae(placental abruption) | Permature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall |
| Placenta previa | Abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall |
| Cleft lip(labia)AND/OR cleft palate | Congenital split of a lip(labia)AND/OR roof of the oral cavity(palate) |
| A cleft is a | Fissure,crack OR groove |
| Palatoplasty | Surgical repair of a palate |
| Labioplasty | Surgical repair of a lip(labia) |
| Embryogenic | Pertaining to creation of an embryo |
| Embryoid | Resembling a embryo |
| Embryologist | A specialist in the study of embryos |
| Gravida | Number of pregnancies |
| Gravida III para II means | Three pregnancies AND two births |
| Gravida II para III means | Two pregnancies AND three births |
| Gravida II para III indicates | Twins OR triplets |
| Identical twins | ONe fertilzed ovum(egg)spilts AND the genetic material (DNA)is shared |
| Fraternal twins | Ovulation of two ova(eggs)which are fertilized |
| Ovulation | Expulsion of am ovum(egg)from an ovary |
| Primigravida | First pregnancy(gestation) |
| Multigravida | More then one pregnancy(gestation) |
| Nulligravida | No pregnancies |
| Gravidopuerperal | Pertaining to pregnancy (gestation)AND immediately after birth(parturition) |
| Effacement | Shortening,thinning AND stretching of the vagina during labor |
| Ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy(gestation)occuring outside of the uterus |
| Pelvimetry | The process of measuring the pelvis |
| Breech birth | A malpresentation (malposition)where the fetus is not in a head first (cephalic)position |
| Vertex presentation(optimal) | The occipal(back) portion of the fetal head leads the way during parturition AKA Right OccipitoAnterior(ROA)AND Left OccipitoAnterior(LOA) |
| Lochia | Vaginal discharge after birth (parturition) |
| Meconium(macaronium) | First stool(black)of the neonate |
| Obstetrics(OB) | Medical specialty dealing with gestation AND puerperium |
| Puerperium | Period of time covering six weeks after birth(parturition) |
| Infant | The offspring from the 5th week to 1 year |
| Premature infant | Neonate(newborn)before 37 weeks of gestation(pregnancy) |
| Isolette | A transparent container where premature neonates(newborns)are placed to receive warmth AND O2(oxygen)AKA an incubator |
| Apgar score | An evaluation of a neonate's extrauterine ability at 1 minute AND 5 minutes after birht AND includes:Heart Rate(HR)respiratory effort,muscle tone,reflexs,AND color |
| C/S OR C-section | Cesarean Section |
| A C-section(C/S)is | Delivery of the offspring through an abdominopelvic incision |
| EDD | Estimated Date of Delivery AKA the "due date" |
| RDS | Respiratory distress Syndrome |
| NICU | Neonatal Intensive Care Unit |
| IVF | In Vitro Fertilization |
| In Vitro Fertilization(IVF)refers to | ova fertilized outside of the body AND artificially inseminated |
| L+D | Labor and Delivery |
| Chorionic Villus Sampling | A Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)is a test to detect fetal genetic abnormalities(anomalies) |
| HCG OR hCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin(HCG) is a | Hormone that can be detected in the serum OR urine of a pregnant woman |
| EPT | Early Pregnancy Test(detects HCG) |
| IUGR | IntraUterine Growth Rate |
| R/O | Rule Out(vaginal bleeding R/O embryotocia) |
| FEKG | Fetal Electrocardiogram |
| FHR | Fetal Heart Rate |
| FHT | Fetal Heart Tone |
| Fetal Electrocardiogram (FEKG)Fetal Heart rate(FHR)AND Fetal Heart Tone (FHT) all refers to | Fetal monitoring |
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