chapter 33 uninary system
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| name 3 things possible during a cystourethroscopy | kidney catherization, tumor bx, calcium removal,
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| Which kidney is displaced and why? | Right (because of the placement of the liver)
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| inner layer of kidney: | medulla
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| outer layer of kidney | cortex
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| What is a urinary catheter? |
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| what is incontinence? | the inability to control the bodily evacuative functions of urination
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| what is retention? | holding in of waste: the holding in the body of waste that is normally excreted
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| name different kinds of incontinence: | stress, overflow, urge, Kegel exercise
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| most common; person sneezing, coughing or laughs causing what incontinence? | stress
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| bladder never empties completely causing leakage is what type of incontinence? | overflow
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| Unexpectedly strong, uncontrollable urge requiring immediate emptying of the bladder is what type of incontinence? | Urge
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| stress incontinence | Kegel exercise
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| what is Kegel exercise for? | pelvic floor muscle exercises are done to strengthen the muscles which support the urethra, bladder, uterus and rectum.
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| What is a 24 hour specimen? | collect all urinary out in 24hr period in a special container. provides info about protein, glucose, signs of infection, blood and cells which may be found in the urine
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| what is the Afferent arteriole? | blood enters (Arrives) glomerulus
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| what is the Efferent arteriole? | filtered blood Exits glomerulus
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| what is the amount of time solution circulates in the membrane during dialysis? | dwell time is 4-6 hours
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| What is dialysate? | solution that cleans the blood in dialysis
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| what is clean catch urine specimen used for? | Cx, pregnancy, microscope evaluation
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| what are excretion? | is the removal of waste products and other elements from blood
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| what is secretion? | is the production of urine
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| what is elimination? | the emptying of urine from bladder. (urinating)
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| Inflammation of the bladder due to foreign material (bacteria) invading through the urinary meatus | Cystitis
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| When preforming an _______ test it is extremely important to know if the pt. has a an allergic reaction to....? | (IVP)iodine and or shellfish
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| What is measured for input/output measurement? | kidney function
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| double lumen, surgically inserted into jugular | permacath
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| what is permcath used for? | while waiting for AV fistula or synthetic graft to mature
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| it is a notch in the concover border of kidney | hilum
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| what is the "threshold" and what happens if it is exceeded? |
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| this specimen is required as a "scheduled" urinalysis, for example: A first morning specimen, or if a pt. is c/o urinary symptoms: |
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| most common infections of the kidney; Inflammation of the kidney, causes fever, urgency, dysuria, back pain, burning, nocturia and hematuria | Pyelonephritis
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| what is the treatment of pyelonephritis? | antibiotics
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| microscopic filtering units, over 1 million in each kidney | nephrons
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| cup-shaped top of nephron and surrounds the glomerulus | Bowman's Capsule
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| network of about 50 capillaries; filters fluid and other useful substance out of blood and into Bowman's capsule | glomerulus
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| are part of the nephron, the basic functional unit of the kidney. | renal tubule
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| 1st twisted section and is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. | Proximal convoluted tubule
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| goes into the medulla; The segment of the nephron of a vertebrate kidney that is situated between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. It plays a role in the transport of ions and water and the concentrating of urine | loop of Henle
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| twisted section returning to cortex; the most distal portion of the nephron and is responsible for the resorption of sodium, water and secretion of hydrogen potassium. | Distal convoluted tubule
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| renal calculi | kidney stones
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| Inherited disorder characterized by bilateral, grape-like clusters of fluid-filled sacs that replace normal renal tissue | Polycystic kidney disease
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| introduction of a sterile tube into the bladder | catheteriztion
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| name 3 things catheterizations do? | 1)relief/discomfort due to retention
2)sterile specimen
3)instill meds
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| What is the formation of urine? | Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, urinary output
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| two muscular tubes; drain urine from calyces through renal pelvis to urinary bladder; is moved through peristaltic waves; Renal calculi from solutes can form or become lodge here | ureters
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| collapsible muscular sac; functions as a reservoir for urine | urinary bladder
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| narrow tube leading from bladder to exterior(urinary meatus); functions are to carry urine to the outside | urethra
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| Dialyzer | artificial kidney
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| join artery and vein to create an access. | Fistula
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| How long does it take for a fistula to mature | 4-6 weeks
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| Purifying blood by allowing waste products to diffuse into dialysate solution | hemodialysis
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| use pt.'s own peritoneal membrane to filter blood | peritoneal dialysis
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| what is the dwell time in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis? | 4-6hrs
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| assisted peritoneal dialysis; performed at night; take 6-8hrs; suited well for children | continuous cycler
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| analysis of blood determines levels of? | uric acid and urea nitrogen
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| Urinalysis determines the presence of | blood cells, bacteria, acidity level
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| Urinalysis also determines specific gravity and physical characteristics such as? | color, clarity and odor
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| breaking up of kidney stones by shockwaves | lithotripsy
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