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urinalysis
chapter 33 uninary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| name 3 things possible during a cystourethroscopy | kidney catherization, tumor bx, calcium removal, |
| Which kidney is displaced and why? | Right (because of the placement of the liver) |
| inner layer of kidney: | medulla |
| outer layer of kidney | cortex |
| What is a urinary catheter? | |
| what is incontinence? | the inability to control the bodily evacuative functions of urination |
| what is retention? | holding in of waste: the holding in the body of waste that is normally excreted |
| name different kinds of incontinence: | stress, overflow, urge, Kegel exercise |
| most common; person sneezing, coughing or laughs causing what incontinence? | stress |
| bladder never empties completely causing leakage is what type of incontinence? | overflow |
| Unexpectedly strong, uncontrollable urge requiring immediate emptying of the bladder is what type of incontinence? | Urge |
| stress incontinence | Kegel exercise |
| what is Kegel exercise for? | pelvic floor muscle exercises are done to strengthen the muscles which support the urethra, bladder, uterus and rectum. |
| What is a 24 hour specimen? | collect all urinary out in 24hr period in a special container. provides info about protein, glucose, signs of infection, blood and cells which may be found in the urine |
| what is the Afferent arteriole? | blood enters (Arrives) glomerulus |
| what is the Efferent arteriole? | filtered blood Exits glomerulus |
| what is the amount of time solution circulates in the membrane during dialysis? | dwell time is 4-6 hours |
| What is dialysate? | solution that cleans the blood in dialysis |
| what is clean catch urine specimen used for? | Cx, pregnancy, microscope evaluation |
| what are excretion? | is the removal of waste products and other elements from blood |
| what is secretion? | is the production of urine |
| what is elimination? | the emptying of urine from bladder. (urinating) |
| Inflammation of the bladder due to foreign material (bacteria) invading through the urinary meatus | Cystitis |
| When preforming an _______ test it is extremely important to know if the pt. has a an allergic reaction to....? | (IVP)iodine and or shellfish |
| What is measured for input/output measurement? | kidney function |
| double lumen, surgically inserted into jugular | permacath |
| what is permcath used for? | while waiting for AV fistula or synthetic graft to mature |
| it is a notch in the concover border of kidney | hilum |
| what is the "threshold" and what happens if it is exceeded? | |
| this specimen is required as a "scheduled" urinalysis, for example: A first morning specimen, or if a pt. is c/o urinary symptoms: | |
| most common infections of the kidney; Inflammation of the kidney, causes fever, urgency, dysuria, back pain, burning, nocturia and hematuria | Pyelonephritis |
| what is the treatment of pyelonephritis? | antibiotics |
| microscopic filtering units, over 1 million in each kidney | nephrons |
| cup-shaped top of nephron and surrounds the glomerulus | Bowman's Capsule |
| network of about 50 capillaries; filters fluid and other useful substance out of blood and into Bowman's capsule | glomerulus |
| are part of the nephron, the basic functional unit of the kidney. | renal tubule |
| 1st twisted section and is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. | Proximal convoluted tubule |
| goes into the medulla; The segment of the nephron of a vertebrate kidney that is situated between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. It plays a role in the transport of ions and water and the concentrating of urine | loop of Henle |
| twisted section returning to cortex; the most distal portion of the nephron and is responsible for the resorption of sodium, water and secretion of hydrogen potassium. | Distal convoluted tubule |
| renal calculi | kidney stones |
| Inherited disorder characterized by bilateral, grape-like clusters of fluid-filled sacs that replace normal renal tissue | Polycystic kidney disease |
| introduction of a sterile tube into the bladder | catheteriztion |
| name 3 things catheterizations do? | 1)relief/discomfort due to retention 2)sterile specimen 3)instill meds |
| What is the formation of urine? | Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, urinary output |
| two muscular tubes; drain urine from calyces through renal pelvis to urinary bladder; is moved through peristaltic waves; Renal calculi from solutes can form or become lodge here | ureters |
| collapsible muscular sac; functions as a reservoir for urine | urinary bladder |
| narrow tube leading from bladder to exterior(urinary meatus); functions are to carry urine to the outside | urethra |
| Dialyzer | artificial kidney |
| join artery and vein to create an access. | Fistula |
| How long does it take for a fistula to mature | 4-6 weeks |
| Purifying blood by allowing waste products to diffuse into dialysate solution | hemodialysis |
| use pt.'s own peritoneal membrane to filter blood | peritoneal dialysis |
| what is the dwell time in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis? | 4-6hrs |
| assisted peritoneal dialysis; performed at night; take 6-8hrs; suited well for children | continuous cycler |
| analysis of blood determines levels of? | uric acid and urea nitrogen |
| Urinalysis determines the presence of | blood cells, bacteria, acidity level |
| Urinalysis also determines specific gravity and physical characteristics such as? | color, clarity and odor |
| breaking up of kidney stones by shockwaves | lithotripsy |
Created by:
bpstears
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