Musculoskeletal System
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| arthrodesis | surgical immobilization of a joint
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| arthroplasty | reshaping or reconstruction of a joint
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| aspiration | use of a needle and a syringe to withdraw fluid
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| closed treatment | treatment of a fracture without surgical opening and visualization
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| curettage | scraping of a cavity using a spoon-shaped instrument
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| dislocation | placement in a location other than the original location
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| endoscopy | inspection of body organs or cavities using a lighted scope that may be inserted through an existing opening or through a small incision
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| fasciectomy | excision of fascia
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| fracture | break in a bone
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| internal/external fixation | application of pins, wires, screws, and so on to immobilize a body parts; they can be placed externally or internally
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| abduction | movement of a limb away from the mid line of the body
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| adduction | movement of limb toward the midline of the body
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| circumduction | circular movement of a limb
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| extension | movement by which two parts are drawn away from each other
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| flexion | movement by which two parts are drawn toward each other
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| hyperextension | excessive extension of a limb
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| pronation | applied to the hand, the act of turning the palm down
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| supination | applied to the hand, the act of turning the palm up
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| kyphosis | humpback, the abnormal curvature of the spine
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| ligament | a band of fibrous tissue that connects cartiliage or bone and supports a joint
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| lysis | releasing
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| manipulation or reduction | words used interchangeably to mean the attempted restoration of a fracture or joint dislocation to its normal anatomic position
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| muscle | fibrous structure that can contract and facilitates the movement of the body. There are three types smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
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| open treatment | fracture site that is surgically opened and visualized
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| osteotomy | cutting into bone
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| percutaneous | through the skin
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| percutaneous skeletal fixation | considered neither open nor closed; the fracture is not visualized, but fixation is placed across the fracture site under the x-ray imaging
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| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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| tenodesis | suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
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| tenorrhaphy | together of two parts of a tendon
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| traction | application of force to a limb
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| trocar needle | needle with a tube on the end; used to puncture and withdraw fluid from a cavity
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