Integumentary System
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| show | The Skin
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| lies deep to the dermis | show 🗑
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| show | Protection— from bumps, chemicals, water loss, UV radiation
Regulation of body temperature
Excretion— urea, salts, and water lost through sweat
Production of vitamin D
Sensory reception—keeps us aware of conditions at the body’s surface
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| show | Keratinocytes -tratum spinosum; produce keratin a fibrous protein
Melanocytes-basal layer; secrete pigment
Tactile epithelial cells-basal layer; attached to sensory nerve endings
Dendritic cells-stratum spinosum; part of immune system; macrophage-like
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| most abundant cell type in epidermis Arise from deepest layer of epidermis Produce keratin, a tough fibrous protein Produce antibodies and enzymes Dead at skin's surface | show 🗑
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| show | A) Stratum basale (stratum geminativum)
B) Stratum spinosum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
E) Stratum corneum
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| Deepest layer of epidermis Attached to underlying dermis Cells actively divide Stratum basale contains Merkel cells—associated with sensory nerve ending Melanocytes—secrete the pigment melanin | show 🗑
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| “Spiny” appearance caused by artifacts of histological preparation Contains thick bundles of intermediate filaments (tonofilaments) Resist tension Contain protein prekeratin and star-shaped dendritic cells Function in immune system (as macrophages) | show 🗑
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| Consists of keratinocytes and tonofilaments Tonofilaments contain: Keratohyaline granules—help form keratin Lamellated granules—contain a waterproofing glycolipid | show 🗑
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| Occurs only in thick skin Locations of thick skin—palms and soles Composed of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes | show 🗑
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| show | E) Stratum corneum (horny layer)
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| Second major layer of the skin Strong, flexible connective tissue Richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves | show 🗑
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| show | Papillary layer—includes dermal papillae
Reticular layer
Deeper layer—80% of thickness of dermis
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| show | Flexure lines
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| show | Hypodermis
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| show | i) Melanin
Most important pigment—made from tyrosine
ii) Carotene
Yellowish pigment from carrots and tomatoes
iii) Hemoglobin
Caucasian skin contains little melanin
Allows crimson color of blood to show through
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| show | Nails
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| Parts of The Nail | show 🗑
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| Flexible strand of dead, keratinized cells Hard keratin—tough and durable | show 🗑
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| 2 Parts of Hair | show 🗑
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| show | i) Medulla—central core
ii) Cortex—surrounds medulla
iii) Cuticle—outermost layer
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| show | Hair follicles
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| show | Hair bulb
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| show | Root plexus
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| show | Arrector pili muscle
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| show | Vellus hairs
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| show | Terminal hairs
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| show | Sebaceous Glands
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| entire cell breaks up to form secretion Most are associated with a hair follicle | show 🗑
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| Functions of sebum | show 🗑
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| glands (sudoriferous glands) widely distributed on body | show 🗑
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| a blood filtrate 99% water with some salts Contains traces of metabolic wastes About 2% urea | show 🗑
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| 2 types of sweat glands | show 🗑
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| show | First-degree burn
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| upper epidermis and upper part of dermis is also damaged from burns | show 🗑
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| show | Third-degree burn
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| Least malignant and most common skin cancer | show 🗑
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| Skin cancer that arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum | show 🗑
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| A cancer of melanocytes The most dangerous type of skin cancer | show 🗑
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| show | Epidermis
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| show | Dermis and hypodermis
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| Develop from neural crest cells | show 🗑
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| show | produced by Fetal sebaceous glands
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| Fetal skin is well formed after the fourth month. At 5–6 months, the fetus is covered with lanugo (downy hairs) | show 🗑
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Created by:
sl1512
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