WR ISLAM
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| Al-Ghazzali | – 1058-1111 Islamic theologian reconciling reason with mysticism
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| Allah | – Islamic name for the one God
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| Almsgiving | – obligatory charitable giving to the poor (Islam)
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| Ibn Rushd Averroes | – 1126-1198 Islamic theologian synthesizing Aristotle with Islam
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| Bahai | – modern syncretistic religion, originally from Persia; "All denominations lead to the one God."
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| Dervish | – Islamic mystic who attempts to gain ecstasy by dancing (another name for Sufi)
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| Druses | – Islamic, apocalyptic, exclusivistic, non-proselytizing sect found largely in Lebanon
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| Elijah Muhammad | – 1897-1975 leader of U.S. Black Muslims, Nation of Islam
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| Infidel | – derogatory Muslim term for a non-Muslim
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| Jihad | – Islamic holy war against infidels; also includes ethics about treatment of innocent in warfare; can refer to an inward struggle
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| Koran (Qu’ran) | – Islamic scripture, revelations received by the prophet Muhammad, usually transliterated as Qu'ran
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| Malcolm X | – African-American spokesman for Nation of Islam who later challenged its doctrine of racial prejudice
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| Mecca | – Islamic city of obligatory pilgrimage; Muslims face Mecca when praying
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| Mohammed | – 570-632 C.E. Arab founder of Islam, "the prophet" who recited the Qur’an, preached theistic monotheism
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| Mosque | – a building for Islamic worship
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| Muslim, Moslem | – an adherent of Islam, "one who submits to God"
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| Nanak | – 1469-1539 founder of Sikh religion, he was originally a Hindu in India
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| Nation of Islam | – "Black Muslims"; African-American movement with prejudicial views against whites and Jews
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| Palestine | – geographical area in which ancient and modern Israel have been established; also, a proposed Arab nation in that region
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| Pilgrimage | – a journey to attend a shrine; pilgrimage to Mecca is obligatory in Islam
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| Ramadan | – month-long Muslim festival involving daytime fasting
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| Sabaean-Mandean | – an ancient monotheistic religion of the Middle East; practices baptism
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| Shia | – sect of Islam predominant in Iran and Libya; has present-day living prophet (imam)
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| Sufis | – Islamic mystics; originated in Persia, some are dancing dervishes, influenced Al Ghazzali
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| Sunni | – sect of Islam predominant outside of Iran; based upon consensus agreement on Qu’ran; Muhammad was the last prophet
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| Adventist | – a 19th century U.S. movement led by William Miller which declared that 1844 would be the second coming of Christ; influenced Seventh Day Adventists and Jehovah's Witnesses
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| Amish | – pacifist Protestant sect committed to living a simple, 19th century life style, found in rural Pennsylvania
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| Anabaptist | – original Baptist churches of the European Reformation; associated with peasant rebellions of the 16th century
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| Anne Lee | – 18th century founder of Shakers, claimed to be feminine incarnation of Christ
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| Billy Graham | – 20th century Protestant Evangelical, effective preacher with simple message; salvation by grace
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| Brigham Young | – 19th century Mormon leader; took over after Smith's assassination and led Mormons to Utah
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| Charles Taze Russell | – 1852-1916 millenarian preacher, founder of Jehovah's Witnesses
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| Christian Science | – a denomination founded by Mary Baker Eddy; emphasizes spiritual healing
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| Cult | – a small sect with devoted followers; a pejorative term for a new religious movement denomination (especially one which has doctrines or rituals outside the mainstream, or is abusive of followers)
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| David Koresh | – self-proclaimed second Jesus who led the Waco group of Branch Davidians into a 1993 battle with federal agents
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| Ellen G. White | – 1826-1915 founder of Seventh Day Adventists
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| Evangelical | – modern born-again Christians who emphasize Bible's authority; proselytizing, Fundamentalist Protestants
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| George Fox | – 1624-1691 Englishman who founded Quakers (Society of Friends)
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| Holy Roller | – derogatory term for 20th century Pentecostals or Charismatic Christians who sway or fall down in ecstasy
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| Jehovah's Witnesses | – proselytizing denomination founded by C.T. Russell; set apocalyptic dates, deny the trinity, refuse participation in civil affairs
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| Jim Jones | – founder of People's Temple, a cult which committed Mass suicide in Guyana in 1978
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| John Humphrey Noyes | – 19th century founder of Oneida Perfectionists; advocated complex marriage (multiple husbands & wives)
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| Joseph Smith Jr. | – 1805-1844 founder of Latter Day Saints, "the prophet" who translated Book of Mormon, other revelations
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| Juche | – the state sponsored religion of North Korea
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| Kingdom Hall | – a building for Jehovah's Witness meetings
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| L. Ron Hubbard | – 20th century science fiction writer who founded Scientology, Dianetics
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| Macumba | – Brazilian popular religion with African roots
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| Martin Luther King | – 1929-1968 Baptist minister, nonviolent civil rights leader of African-Americans
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| Mormon | – Also called Latter Day Saints, Christian denomination started in 19th century by Joseph Smith; emphasizes family, temple rituals, no smoking/coffee
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| Pentecostal | – 20th century American denomination; emphasizes presence of the Holy Spirit; speaking in tongues
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| Perfectionists | – 19th century Oneida community founded by J.H. Noyes; practiced communism and complex marriage
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| Quaker | – pacifistic religion founded by G. Fox; no clergy, no sacraments; also known as the Society of Friends
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| Scientology | – 20th century denomination founded by L. Ron Hubbard; opponents consider it to be a mere front for the Dianetics Movement and having cultish tendencies
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| Seventh Day Adventist | – 19th century Protestant sect founded by Ellen White; apocalyptic, vegetarian, worship on Saturday
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| Shakers | – 19th century American sect famous for their rigorous dancing; celibate, communitarian; founded by Ann Lee, now extinct
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| Sun Myung Moon | – Korean founder of Unification Church, considered a cult by many
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| William Miller | – 19th century apocalyptic preacher, predicted the second coming in 1844; Adventist, Millerite movement
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