Tissues and Membranes
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| What are a group of similar cells that perform a common function? | tissue
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| What are the four major types of human tissue? | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
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| Epithelium is divided into two types known as what? | membranous epithelium and glandular epithelum
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| What are the functions of the epithelial tissues? | protection, cleaning, excretion & secretion, absorption, and diffusion sensation
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| What is considered a simple squamous epithelium? | one-cell layer of flat cells
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| What is considered a simple cuboidal epithelium? | one-cell layer of cells that are as tall as they are wide
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| What is considered a simple columnar epithelium? | single layer of tall, column-shaped cells
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| What is considered a pseudo stratified columnar epithelium? | columnar cells of differing heights
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| What are hair-like extensions of cells in the respiratory tract and female reproductive system? | cilla
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| Only one duct that leads to the surface is known as? | simple exocrine glands
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| Having two or more ducts is known as? | compound exocrine glands
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| Cells that produce heparin and histamine equals what? | mast
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| What are the general functions of connective tissue? | support (holds organ together), bind together tissues, and mechanical framework (skeleton)
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| What does tensile strength mean? | how resistant something is to breaking or bending
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| What are the three cell types? | osteocyte, osteoblast, osteoclast
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| Mature, inactive bone cell is known as what? | osteocyte
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| Active bone forming cell is known as what? | osteoblast
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| Bone-destroying cell is known as what? | osteoclast
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| Another name for cancellous bone is? | spongy bone
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| An erthrocyte is known as? | red blood cell
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| A leukocyte is known as? | white blood cell
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| Platelets are known as? | thrombocytes
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| What are the cell types of the nervous tissue? | neuron, neuroglia, and epineurium
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| What is the conducting unit of the nervous tissue system? | neuron
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| What is the neuron composed of? | axon, dendrites, myelin sheath, and cell body (stoma)
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| Cell body is also known as? | soma
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| What are the processes of the neurons? | axon and dendrite
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| Axon is what type of process? | single
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| What is an axon? | transmits nerve impulse away from the cell body
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| Dendrite is what type of process? | one or more
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| What is a dendrite? | Transmits nerve impulse toward the cell body and axon
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| Special connecting, supporting, coordinating cells that surround neurons is known as? | neuroglia
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| The connective membrane that surrounds the entire nerve is known as? | epineurium
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| What are the four major types of body membranes? | cutaneous, serous, mucous, and synovial
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| serous membranes in the thoracic cavity are known as what? | pleura
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| Serous membranes in the abdominal cavity are known as what? | peritoneum
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| Epithelial tissues do what to maintain homeostasis? | form membranes that contain and protect the internal fluid environment, absorb nutrients, and secrete products that regulate functions involved in homeostasis
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| Connective tissues do what to maintain homeostasis? | hold organs and systems together and form structures that support the body and permit movement
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| Nervous tissues do what to maintain homeostasis? | work with glandular epithelial tissue to regulate body function
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| muscle tissues do what to maintain homeostasis? | work with connective tissues to permit movement
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| Tissues have a ____ ____ to repair themselves? | varying capacity
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| Damaged tissue ____ or is ____ by scar tissue? | regenerates, replaced
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| Muscles and nervous tissues have ____ ___ to regenerate? | limited capacity
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| Partial or total separation of a layer of tissues after a closure is known as? | dehiscence
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| What can occur when subcutaneous tissues are not approximated with suture? | dead space
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| Should a counted sterile sponge ever be used when dealing with surgical specimens? | NEVER
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| What happens to permanent section? | 10 percent formation and may remain on sterile field until end of case
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| What happens in Fresh or Frozen section? | sent immediately after removal and pathologist will phone OR with results
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| What are the surgical tech responsibilities when surgical specimens? | able to identify the specimen, identify the origin, must properly communicate info to circulator, and properly identify and explain markers (suture)
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| Specimens should be placed on/in what? | sterile specimen cup, sterile telfa pad, sterile towel, sterile basin
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| Multiple layers of flat, squamous epithelium is what? | Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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| What is a organ? | A structure made up of two or more kinds of tissue
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| What is an organ organizied to preform? | Complex function
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| What is a system? | A group of organs arranged to preform a more complex function
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| How many major organ systems does the human body have? | Eleven
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| What is the primary function of the integumentary system? | Protection
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| What are other functions of the integumentary system? | Prevents water loss and invasion of foreign microorganisms into the body, regulates body temp, and houses sensory receptors
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| What makes up the components of the integumentary system? | Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
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| What is the primary function of the skeletal system? | Support and protection
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| What are other functions of the skeletal system? | Attachment points for muscles, produces blood cells, and stores inorganic salts/minerals
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| What makes up the components of the skeletal system? | Bones, joints, ligaments, and cartilage
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| What is the primary function of the muscular system? | Movement and locomotion
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| What is the primary function of the nervous system? | Coordiantes and controls actions of internal organs and systems.
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| What are other functions of the muscular system? | Produce body heat, maintains posture, and provides support
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| What makes up the components of the muscular system? | Muscles and tendons
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| What are other functions of the nervous system? | Memory, learning and conscious thought, maintains autonomic functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and involuntary muscle actions
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| What makes up the components of the nervous system? | Brains, spinal cord, and associated nerves
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| What is the primary function of the endocrine system | Comminutcates with nervous systems to control activity of internal organs
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| What is another function of the endocrine system? | Secretes hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and reproduction
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| Whst makes up the components of the endocrine system? | Pituitary gland, pineal gland, ovaries, testes, and thyroid gland
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| What is the primary function of the circulatory system? | Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, immune components, and hormones
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| What is other functions of the circulatory system? | Defends the body by removing microorganisums from tissue fluid and works with lymphatic system
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| What makes up the components of the circulatory system? | Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood
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| What is the circulatory system also known as? | Cardiovascular system
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| What is the primary function of the lymphatic system? | Part of the circulatory system that transports excess fluids to and from the circulatory system and carries lipids from digestive organs
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| What is another function of the lymphatic system? | Helps defend the body against infection
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| What makes up the components of the lymphatic system? | Lymph nodes, vessels, thymus, and spleen
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| What is the primary function of the immune (lymphatic) system? | Defends the body from microorganisums and viruses as well as cancer and cell growth
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| What are other functions of the immune (lymphatic) system? | Lymphatic and immune system are one in the same and provides cells that aid in protection of the human body from disease through antigen antibody response
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| What is the primary function of the respiratory system? | Moves oxygen from the external to internal
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| What are other functions of the respiratory system? | Removes carbon dioxide and maintains blood pH
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| Whst makes up the components in the respiratory system? | Nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
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| What is the primary function of the digestive system? | Digest and turns food into nutrients
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| What are other functions of the digestive system? | Chemical and mechanical breakdown breaks food into particles small enough to pass through bloodstreams, eliminates solid waste, recycles water, and retains vitamins from food into large intestine
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| What makes up the components in the digestive system? | Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagues, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and larger intestine
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| What is the primary function of the urinary system? | Regulates fluid volume and electrolytes
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| What is another function of the urinary system? | Removes organic waste from blood.n
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| What makes up the components in the urinary system? | Kidneys, urinary, bladder, urethira, and ureters
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| What is primary function of the reproductive system (male)? | Produce hormones that aid in sexual development and reproduction
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| Whst makes up the components of the male reproductive system? | Scrotum, testes, penis, epididymids, vas defferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, and urethra
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| What is the rim art function of the female reproductive system? | Produce hormones that aid in sexual development and reproduction
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| What makes up the components of the female reproductive system? | Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammoth glands
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| What is negative feedback? | Causes the reverse of the response
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| What is positive feedback? | Increases or accelerates the response
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| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix
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| Testes | Male sexual and reproductive gland aka testicles
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| Ovaries | Part of female reproduction aka Ovary
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| Hypoplasia | Incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue
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| Aplasia | Lack of development of an organ or tissue
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| Dysplasia | Abnormal development or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth
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| Appendectomy | Removal of appendix
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| Angiomegaly | Enlargement of blood or lymph vessel
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| Approximation | Close to
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| Anaplasia | When cells divide rapidly and bear little or no resemblance to normal cells in appearance or function
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| Hyperplasia | An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
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| Hypertrophy | An increase in the bulk of tissue or organ, not due to tumor formation.
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