Medical Terminology
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| Primary male sex organ, paired, oval-shaped and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. | Testis, or testicles
plural testes, or testicles
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| the microscopic male germ cell, which when united with the ovum produces a zygote. | Sperm
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| the principal male sex hormone | testosterone
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| approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs | seminiferous tubules
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| coiled duct atop each of the testes that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa. | epididymis
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| Duct carrying the sperm form the epididymis to the urethra | Vac deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct
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| Two main glands located at the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. | seminal vesicles
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| encircles the upper end of the urethra. | prostate gland
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| sac suspended on both sides of and just behind the penis | scrotum
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| male organ of urination and copulation | penis
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| enlarged tip on the end of the penis | glans penis
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| fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males | prepuce/foreskin
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| composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions | Semen
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| reproductive organs | genitalia
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| balan/o | glans penis
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| epididym/o | epididymis
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| orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o, test/o | testi, testicle
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| prostat/o | prostate gland
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| vas/o | vessel,duct
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| vesicul/o | seminal vesicle
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| andr/o | male
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| sperm/o, spermat/o | spermatozoon
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| anorchism | state or absence of testis
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| balanitis | inflammation of the glans penis
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| balanorrhea | discharge from the glans penis
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| benign prostatic hyperplasia | excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland
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| cryptorchidism | state of hidden testes
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| epididymitis | inflammation of an epididymis
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| orchiepididymitis | inflammation of the testis and epididymis
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| orchitis, orchiditis, or testitis | inflammation of the testis or testicles
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| prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate gland
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| prostatocystitis | inflammation of the prostate gland and the bladder
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| prostatolith | stone in the prostate gland
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| prostatorrhea | discharge from the prostate gland
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| prostatovesiculitis | inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles
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| erectile dysfunction | the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse
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| hydrocele | scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid
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| phimosis | a tightness of the prepuce/foreskin that prevents its retraction over the glans penis
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| priapism | persistent abnormal erection of the accompanied by pain and tenderness
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| prostate cancer | cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring later in life.
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| testicular cancer | cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 to 35 years of age.
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| testicular torsion | twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis
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| varicocele | enlarged veins of the spermatic cord
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| balanoplasty | surgical repair of the glans penis
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| epididymectomy | excision of an epididymis
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| orchidectomy, orchiectomy | excision of the testis
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| orchidopexy, orchiopexy | surgical fixation of a testicle
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| orchidotomy, orchiotomy | incision into a testis
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| orchioplasty | surgical repair of a testis
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| prostatectomy | excision of the prostate gland
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| prostatocystotomy | incision into the prostate gland and bladder
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| prostatolithotomy | incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone
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| prostatovesiculectomy | excision of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles
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| vasectomy | excision of a duct resulting in sterilization
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| vasovasostomy | creation of artificial openings between ducts
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| vesiculectomy | excision of the seminal vesicle
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| circumcision | surgical removal of the prepuce
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| hydrocelectomy | surgical removal of a hydrocele
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| radical prostatectomy | excision of the prostate gland with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and sometimes pelvic lymph nodes.
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| suprapubic prostatectomy | excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision made above the pubic bone and through an incision in the bladder; used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer
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| transrectal ultrasound | an ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostrate cancer
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| prostate-specific antigen | a blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood.
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| semen analysis | microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm
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| digital rectal examination | a physical examination in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum and feels for the size and shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall.
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| andropathy | disease of the male
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| aspermia | condition of being without sperm
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| oligospermia | condition of scanty sperm
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| spermatolysis | dissolution of sperm
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| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | a disease that affects the body's immune system, transmitted by exchange of body fluid during the sexual act, reuse of contaminated needles, or receiving contaminated blood transfusions
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| artificial insemination | introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means
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| azoospermia | lack of live sperm in the semen
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| chlamydia | A sexually transmitted disease, something referred to as a silent STD because many people are not aware they have the disease.
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| coitus | sexual intercourse between male and female
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| condom | cover for the penis worn during coitus to prevent conception and the spread of sexually transmitted disease.
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| ejaculation | ejection of semen from the male urethra
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| genital herpes | sexually transmitted disease caused by herpesvirus hominis type 2
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| gonads | male and female sex glands
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| gonorrhea | contagious, inflammatory sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial organism that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system
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| heterosexual | person who is attracted to a member of the opposite sex
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| homosexual | person who is attracted to a member of the same sex
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| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | a type of retrovirus that causes AIDS. Infects T-Helper cells of the immune system, allowing for opportunistic infections.
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| Human papillomavirus (HPV) | a prevalent sexually transmitted disease causing benign or cancerous growths in male and female genitals
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| infertility | reduced or absent ability to produce offspring
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| orgasm | climax of sexual stimulation
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| puberty | period when secondary sex characteristics develop and the ability to reproduce sexually begins
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| sexually transmitted disease | diseases, such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and genital herpes, transmitted during sexual contact
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| sterilization | process that renders an individual unable reproduce
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| syphilis | chronic infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which usually is transmitted by sexual contact, may be acquired in utero, or with direct contact with infected tissue
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| trichomoniasis | a sexually transmitted disease caused by a one-cell organism, infects the genitourinary tract.
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| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia
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| DRE | digital rectal examination
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| ED | erectile dysfunction
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| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus
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| HPV | human papillomavirus
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen
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| RP | radical prostatectomy
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| STD | sexually transmitted disease
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| TRUS | transrectal ultrasound
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| TUIP | transurethral incision of the prostate
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| TUMT | transurethral microwave thermotherapy
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| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate
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| Ovaries | pair of almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity.
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| ovum | female egg cell
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| graafian follicles | 100,000 microscopic sacs that makes up a large portion of the ovaries.
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| uterine, or fallopian tubes | pair of 5-inch tubes, attached to the uterus, that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus.
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| fimbria | finger-like projection at the free end of the uterine tube
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| uterus | pear-sized and pear-shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. It's functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor.
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| endometrium | inner lining of the uterus
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| myometrium | muscular middle layer of the uterus
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| perimetrium | outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus
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| corpus, or body | large central portion of the uterus
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| fundus | rounded upper portion of the uterus
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| cervix | narrow lower portion of the uterus
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| Vagina | a 3-inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
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| hymen | fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina
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| rectouterine pouch | pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and anterior wall of the rectum
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| Bartholin Glands | pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening
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| mammary glands, or breasts | pair of milk-producing glands of the female.
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| mammary papilla | breast nipple
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| areola | pigmented area around the breast nipple
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| vulva, or external genitalia | two pairs of lips (labia majora and labia minora) that surround the vagina
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| perineum | Pelvic floor in both the male and female. In the female the area between the vaginal opening and the anus
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| arche/o | first, beginning
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| cervic/o | cervix
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| colp/o, vagin/o | vagina
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| culd/o | cul-de-sac
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| episi/o, vulv/o | vulva
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| gynec/o, gyn/o | woman
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| hymen/o | hymen
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| hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i | uterus
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| mamm/o, mast/o | breast
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| men/o | menstruation
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| oophor/o | ovary
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| perine/o | perineum
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| salping/o | uterine tube
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| peri- | surrounding (outer)
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| -atresia | absence of a normal body opening
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| -salpinx | uterine tube
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| amenorrhea | absence of menstrual discharge
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| bartholin adenitis | inflammation of a bartholin gland
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| cervicitis | inflammation of the cervix
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| colpitis, vaginitis | inflammation of the vagina
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| dysmenorrhea | painful menstrual discharge
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| endocervictis | inflammation of the inner (lining) of the cervix
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| endometritis | inflammation of the inner (lining) of the uterus (endometrium)
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| hematosalpinx | blood in the uterine tube
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| hydrosalpinx | water in the uterine tube
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| hysteratresia | closure of the uterus
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| mastitis | inflammation of the breast
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| menorrhagia | rapid flow of blood from the uterus at menstruation
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| metrorrhagia | rapid flow of blood from the uterus
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| myometritis | inflammation of the uterine muscle
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| oligomenorrhea | scanty menstrual flow
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| oophoritis | inflammation of the ovary.
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| perimetritis | inflammation surrounding the uterus
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| pyosalpinx | pus in the uterine tube
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| salpingitis | inflammation of the uterine tube
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| salpingocele | hernia of the uterine tube
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| vulvovaginitis | inflammation of the vulva and vagina
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| adenomyosis | growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus
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| breast cancer | malignant tumor of the breast
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| cervical cancer | malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cellular dysplasia to carcinoma.
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| endometrial cancer | malignant tumor of the endometrium
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| endometriosis | abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity, including ovaries, uterine tubes, intestines, and uterus
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| fibrocystic breast disease | a disorder characterized by one or more benign cysts in the breast
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| fibroid tumor | benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle
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| ovarian cancer | malignant tumor of the ovary
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| pelvic inflammatory disease | inflammation of the female pelvic organs that can be caused by many different pathogens.
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| prolapsed uterus | downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina
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| toxic shock syndrome | a severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death
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| vesicovaginal fistula | abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina
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| cervicectomy | excision of the cervix
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| colpoperinerrhaphy | suture of the vagina and perineum
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| colpoplasty | surgical repair of the vagina
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| colporrhaphy | suture of the vagina (wall of the vagina)
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| episioperineoplasty | surgical repair of the vulva and perineum
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| episiorrhaphy | suture of (a tear in) the vulva
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| hymenectomy | excision of the hymen
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| hymenotomy | incision into the hymen
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| hysterectomy | excision of the uterus
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| hysteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus
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| hysterosalpingo-oophroectomy | excision of the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries
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| mammoplasty | surgical repair of the breast
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| mastectomy | surgical removal of a breast
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| mastopexy | surgical fixation of the breast perineum
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| oophorectomy | excision of an ovary
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| perineorrphaphy | suture of the perineum
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| salpingectomy | excision of a uterine tube
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| salpingo-oophorectomy | excision of the uterine tube and ovary
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| salpingostomy | creation of an artificial opening in a uterine tube
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| vulvectomy | excision of the vulva
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| anterior and posterior colporrhaphy | surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele (protrusion of the bladder against the anterior wall of the vagina) and a rectocele (protrusion of the rectum against the posterior wall of the vagina)
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| conization | the surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix
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| dilation and curettage | dilation (widening) of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium with an instrument called a curette.
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| endometrial ablation | a procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser or thermal energy
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| laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery | visual examination of the abdominal cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus
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| myomectomy | excision of a fibroid tumor from the uterus
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| sentinel lymph node biopsy | an injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph node(s), the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer.
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| stereotactic breast biopsy | a technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion.
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| tubal ligation | closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization tying
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| uterine artery embolization | minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to the fibroids.
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| hysterosalpingogram | radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes
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| mammogram | radiographic image of the breast
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| mammography | radiographic imagining of the breast
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| sonohysterography | process of recording the uterus by use of sound
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| colposcope | instrument used for visual examination of the vagina
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| colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina
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| culdoscope | instrument used for visual examination of Douglas cul-de-sac
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| culdoscopy | visual examination of Douglas
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| hysteroscope | instrument used for visual examination of the uterus
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| hysteroscopy | visual examination of the uterus
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| culdocentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from Douglas cul-de-sac
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