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Chapters 7
Medical Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary male sex organ, paired, oval-shaped and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. | Testis, or testicles plural testes, or testicles |
| the microscopic male germ cell, which when united with the ovum produces a zygote. | Sperm |
| the principal male sex hormone | testosterone |
| approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs | seminiferous tubules |
| coiled duct atop each of the testes that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa. | epididymis |
| Duct carrying the sperm form the epididymis to the urethra | Vac deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct |
| Two main glands located at the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. | seminal vesicles |
| encircles the upper end of the urethra. | prostate gland |
| sac suspended on both sides of and just behind the penis | scrotum |
| male organ of urination and copulation | penis |
| enlarged tip on the end of the penis | glans penis |
| fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males | prepuce/foreskin |
| composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions | Semen |
| reproductive organs | genitalia |
| balan/o | glans penis |
| epididym/o | epididymis |
| orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o, test/o | testi, testicle |
| prostat/o | prostate gland |
| vas/o | vessel,duct |
| vesicul/o | seminal vesicle |
| andr/o | male |
| sperm/o, spermat/o | spermatozoon |
| anorchism | state or absence of testis |
| balanitis | inflammation of the glans penis |
| balanorrhea | discharge from the glans penis |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland |
| cryptorchidism | state of hidden testes |
| epididymitis | inflammation of an epididymis |
| orchiepididymitis | inflammation of the testis and epididymis |
| orchitis, orchiditis, or testitis | inflammation of the testis or testicles |
| prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate gland |
| prostatocystitis | inflammation of the prostate gland and the bladder |
| prostatolith | stone in the prostate gland |
| prostatorrhea | discharge from the prostate gland |
| prostatovesiculitis | inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles |
| erectile dysfunction | the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse |
| hydrocele | scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid |
| phimosis | a tightness of the prepuce/foreskin that prevents its retraction over the glans penis |
| priapism | persistent abnormal erection of the accompanied by pain and tenderness |
| prostate cancer | cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring later in life. |
| testicular cancer | cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 to 35 years of age. |
| testicular torsion | twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis |
| varicocele | enlarged veins of the spermatic cord |
| balanoplasty | surgical repair of the glans penis |
| epididymectomy | excision of an epididymis |
| orchidectomy, orchiectomy | excision of the testis |
| orchidopexy, orchiopexy | surgical fixation of a testicle |
| orchidotomy, orchiotomy | incision into a testis |
| orchioplasty | surgical repair of a testis |
| prostatectomy | excision of the prostate gland |
| prostatocystotomy | incision into the prostate gland and bladder |
| prostatolithotomy | incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone |
| prostatovesiculectomy | excision of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles |
| vasectomy | excision of a duct resulting in sterilization |
| vasovasostomy | creation of artificial openings between ducts |
| vesiculectomy | excision of the seminal vesicle |
| circumcision | surgical removal of the prepuce |
| hydrocelectomy | surgical removal of a hydrocele |
| radical prostatectomy | excision of the prostate gland with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and sometimes pelvic lymph nodes. |
| suprapubic prostatectomy | excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision made above the pubic bone and through an incision in the bladder; used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer |
| transrectal ultrasound | an ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostrate cancer |
| prostate-specific antigen | a blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. |
| semen analysis | microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm |
| digital rectal examination | a physical examination in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum and feels for the size and shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall. |
| andropathy | disease of the male |
| aspermia | condition of being without sperm |
| oligospermia | condition of scanty sperm |
| spermatolysis | dissolution of sperm |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | a disease that affects the body's immune system, transmitted by exchange of body fluid during the sexual act, reuse of contaminated needles, or receiving contaminated blood transfusions |
| artificial insemination | introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means |
| azoospermia | lack of live sperm in the semen |
| chlamydia | A sexually transmitted disease, something referred to as a silent STD because many people are not aware they have the disease. |
| coitus | sexual intercourse between male and female |
| condom | cover for the penis worn during coitus to prevent conception and the spread of sexually transmitted disease. |
| ejaculation | ejection of semen from the male urethra |
| genital herpes | sexually transmitted disease caused by herpesvirus hominis type 2 |
| gonads | male and female sex glands |
| gonorrhea | contagious, inflammatory sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial organism that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system |
| heterosexual | person who is attracted to a member of the opposite sex |
| homosexual | person who is attracted to a member of the same sex |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | a type of retrovirus that causes AIDS. Infects T-Helper cells of the immune system, allowing for opportunistic infections. |
| Human papillomavirus (HPV) | a prevalent sexually transmitted disease causing benign or cancerous growths in male and female genitals |
| infertility | reduced or absent ability to produce offspring |
| orgasm | climax of sexual stimulation |
| puberty | period when secondary sex characteristics develop and the ability to reproduce sexually begins |
| sexually transmitted disease | diseases, such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and genital herpes, transmitted during sexual contact |
| sterilization | process that renders an individual unable reproduce |
| syphilis | chronic infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which usually is transmitted by sexual contact, may be acquired in utero, or with direct contact with infected tissue |
| trichomoniasis | a sexually transmitted disease caused by a one-cell organism, infects the genitourinary tract. |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| DRE | digital rectal examination |
| ED | erectile dysfunction |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HPV | human papillomavirus |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| RP | radical prostatectomy |
| STD | sexually transmitted disease |
| TRUS | transrectal ultrasound |
| TUIP | transurethral incision of the prostate |
| TUMT | transurethral microwave thermotherapy |
| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate |
| Ovaries | pair of almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity. |
| ovum | female egg cell |
| graafian follicles | 100,000 microscopic sacs that makes up a large portion of the ovaries. |
| uterine, or fallopian tubes | pair of 5-inch tubes, attached to the uterus, that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus. |
| fimbria | finger-like projection at the free end of the uterine tube |
| uterus | pear-sized and pear-shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. It's functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor. |
| endometrium | inner lining of the uterus |
| myometrium | muscular middle layer of the uterus |
| perimetrium | outer thin layer that covers the surface of the uterus |
| corpus, or body | large central portion of the uterus |
| fundus | rounded upper portion of the uterus |
| cervix | narrow lower portion of the uterus |
| Vagina | a 3-inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body |
| hymen | fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina |
| rectouterine pouch | pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and anterior wall of the rectum |
| Bartholin Glands | pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening |
| mammary glands, or breasts | pair of milk-producing glands of the female. |
| mammary papilla | breast nipple |
| areola | pigmented area around the breast nipple |
| vulva, or external genitalia | two pairs of lips (labia majora and labia minora) that surround the vagina |
| perineum | Pelvic floor in both the male and female. In the female the area between the vaginal opening and the anus |
| arche/o | first, beginning |
| cervic/o | cervix |
| colp/o, vagin/o | vagina |
| culd/o | cul-de-sac |
| episi/o, vulv/o | vulva |
| gynec/o, gyn/o | woman |
| hymen/o | hymen |
| hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i | uterus |
| mamm/o, mast/o | breast |
| men/o | menstruation |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| perine/o | perineum |
| salping/o | uterine tube |
| peri- | surrounding (outer) |
| -atresia | absence of a normal body opening |
| -salpinx | uterine tube |
| amenorrhea | absence of menstrual discharge |
| bartholin adenitis | inflammation of a bartholin gland |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the cervix |
| colpitis, vaginitis | inflammation of the vagina |
| dysmenorrhea | painful menstrual discharge |
| endocervictis | inflammation of the inner (lining) of the cervix |
| endometritis | inflammation of the inner (lining) of the uterus (endometrium) |
| hematosalpinx | blood in the uterine tube |
| hydrosalpinx | water in the uterine tube |
| hysteratresia | closure of the uterus |
| mastitis | inflammation of the breast |
| menorrhagia | rapid flow of blood from the uterus at menstruation |
| metrorrhagia | rapid flow of blood from the uterus |
| myometritis | inflammation of the uterine muscle |
| oligomenorrhea | scanty menstrual flow |
| oophoritis | inflammation of the ovary. |
| perimetritis | inflammation surrounding the uterus |
| pyosalpinx | pus in the uterine tube |
| salpingitis | inflammation of the uterine tube |
| salpingocele | hernia of the uterine tube |
| vulvovaginitis | inflammation of the vulva and vagina |
| adenomyosis | growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus |
| breast cancer | malignant tumor of the breast |
| cervical cancer | malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cellular dysplasia to carcinoma. |
| endometrial cancer | malignant tumor of the endometrium |
| endometriosis | abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity, including ovaries, uterine tubes, intestines, and uterus |
| fibrocystic breast disease | a disorder characterized by one or more benign cysts in the breast |
| fibroid tumor | benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle |
| ovarian cancer | malignant tumor of the ovary |
| pelvic inflammatory disease | inflammation of the female pelvic organs that can be caused by many different pathogens. |
| prolapsed uterus | downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina |
| toxic shock syndrome | a severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death |
| vesicovaginal fistula | abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina |
| cervicectomy | excision of the cervix |
| colpoperinerrhaphy | suture of the vagina and perineum |
| colpoplasty | surgical repair of the vagina |
| colporrhaphy | suture of the vagina (wall of the vagina) |
| episioperineoplasty | surgical repair of the vulva and perineum |
| episiorrhaphy | suture of (a tear in) the vulva |
| hymenectomy | excision of the hymen |
| hymenotomy | incision into the hymen |
| hysterectomy | excision of the uterus |
| hysteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus |
| hysterosalpingo-oophroectomy | excision of the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries |
| mammoplasty | surgical repair of the breast |
| mastectomy | surgical removal of a breast |
| mastopexy | surgical fixation of the breast perineum |
| oophorectomy | excision of an ovary |
| perineorrphaphy | suture of the perineum |
| salpingectomy | excision of a uterine tube |
| salpingo-oophorectomy | excision of the uterine tube and ovary |
| salpingostomy | creation of an artificial opening in a uterine tube |
| vulvectomy | excision of the vulva |
| anterior and posterior colporrhaphy | surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele (protrusion of the bladder against the anterior wall of the vagina) and a rectocele (protrusion of the rectum against the posterior wall of the vagina) |
| conization | the surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix |
| dilation and curettage | dilation (widening) of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium with an instrument called a curette. |
| endometrial ablation | a procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser or thermal energy |
| laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery | visual examination of the abdominal cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus |
| myomectomy | excision of a fibroid tumor from the uterus |
| sentinel lymph node biopsy | an injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph node(s), the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer. |
| stereotactic breast biopsy | a technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion. |
| tubal ligation | closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization tying |
| uterine artery embolization | minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to the fibroids. |
| hysterosalpingogram | radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes |
| mammogram | radiographic image of the breast |
| mammography | radiographic imagining of the breast |
| sonohysterography | process of recording the uterus by use of sound |
| colposcope | instrument used for visual examination of the vagina |
| colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina |
| culdoscope | instrument used for visual examination of Douglas cul-de-sac |
| culdoscopy | visual examination of Douglas |
| hysteroscope | instrument used for visual examination of the uterus |
| hysteroscopy | visual examination of the uterus |
| culdocentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from Douglas cul-de-sac |
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