Study Helper #12 A&P
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| What is the superior of the three bones comprising the sternum? | Manubrium
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| It is the widest and thickets of the sternal bones and being broad superiorly and narrow inferiorly is roughly triangular in shape? | Manubrium
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| What type of bone is the sternum made of? | Highly vascular trabecular bone encased in compact bone and the medulla containes red bone marrow.
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| What is the superior border of the manubrium? | Suprasternal Notch
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| Where are the oval articular facets of the clavicle located? | On either side of the suprasternal notch on the manubrium
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| Brain and spinal cord make up the? | Central Nervous System
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| Cranial & spinal nerves make up the ? | Peripheral Nervous System
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| What are division of the Peripheral Nervous System? | Somatic & Autonomic Nervous System
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| Somatic Nervous System fibers lead to the? | Skin & Skeletal Muscles
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| Which division of the PNS functions independantly and have fibers that lead to digestive orgain & heart? | Autonomic Nervous System
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| What are the 3 types of Neuroglial Cells of the nervous system? | Microglial, Astrocytes, Oligodendroglial Cells.
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| Which two ions are in the axon of a nerve impulse? | Potassium & Sodium
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| Center for thousands of reflex arcs? | Spinal cord
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| Right side of brain controls which side of body? | Left (tracts cross over in medulla)
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| Sensory nerves move in which direction in spinal cord? | Upward in Ascending tracks.
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| Motor nerves move in which direction in the spinal cord? | Downward in descending tracks
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| How many meninges are there? | 3-surround the brain and spinal cord
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| Outer Meninges? | Dura Mater
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| Middle Meninges? | Arachnoid Membrane
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| Interior Meninges? | Pia Mater
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| Describe Pia Mater? | Very thin, follows closely with contours of the brain,filled with Cerebrospinal fluid
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| What is Cerebrospinal Fluid? | CSF-Clear tissue fluid, protective cushion within the CNS, supplies nutrients and filters waste
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| Somatic & Autonomic Systems are? | Peripheral Nervous System PNS
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| Somatic system responses to ? | Outside stimulii
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| Which system provides innervation to heart, blood vessels, visceral organs, glands and all organs of smooth muscle? | Autonomic Nervous System
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| In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin is produced by ? | Schwann Cells
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| Are the spinal nerves all mixed nerves? | YES
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| Do spinal nerves serve specific body regions? | Yes
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| Each area of the body sends its sensory information into the spinal cord at the nearest level spinal nerve. Each of these body regions is called a ? | Dermatome
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| Afferent Nerves are? | sensory
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| Efferent Nerves are? | Motor
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| What extends from foramen magnum to L2? | Spinal cord
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| Behind brainstem-handles balance, coordination, smooth moovement? | Cerebellum
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| What are cell bodies surrounding cerebrum? | Cerebral Cortex
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| Lobe of cerebrum-Motor? | Frontol Lobe
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| Lobe of cerebrum-Touch/Movement? | Parietal Lobe
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| Lobe of cerebrum-Hearing? | Temporal Lobe
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| Love of cerebrum-Vision? | Occipital Lobe
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| Top of brainstem? | Diencephalon
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| Relays info to appropriate lobe of cerebrum? | Thalamus
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| Able to interpret at a very vague/non-localized leve pain, touch, pressure? | Thalamus
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| Receives infor from ANS? | Hypothalamus
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| Integrates nervous/endocrine system? | Hypothalamus
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| Relays info up/down tracts? | Midbrain
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| Respiratory function area of brain? | Pons
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| Ascending/descending tracts cross here? | Medulla Oblongata
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| Vasomotor Center (blood pressure) of brain? | Medulla Oblongata
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| Cardia center of brain (heart rate + force)? | Medula Oblongata
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| Non-Vital reflexes (sneezing & coughing) area of brain? | Medula Oblongata
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| Reticular activity-triggers different leves of consiousness? | Medulla Oblongata
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| Carries 80% of parasympathetic neurons? | Vagus Nerve
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| Decreases heart rate, increases digestion? | Parasympathetic Nervous Systom
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| Cranial nerve 1-2 located? | Higher brain
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| Cranial nerves 3-4 located? | Midbrain
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| Cranial nerves 5-8 located? | Pons
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| Cranial nerves 8-12 located? | Medulla
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| Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic neurons? | 3, 7 9 10
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| Pairs of cervical nerves? | 8
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| Pairs of thoracic nerves? | 12
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| pairs of lumbar nerves? | 5
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| Pairs of sacral nerves? | 5
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| Pairs of coccyxageat nerves? | 1
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| Nerves eminate mostly from cranial and sacral areas? | Parasympathetic
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| Cranial Nerve #1 | Olfactory Nerve
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| Cranial Nerve #2 | Optic Nerve
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| Cranial Nerve #3 | Occulomotor Nerve
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| Cranial Nerve #4 | Trochlear Nerve
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| Cranial Nerve #5 | Trigeminal Nerve
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| Cranial Nerve #6 | Abducens Nerve
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| Cranial Nerve #7 | Facial Nerve
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| Cranial Nerve #8 | Vestibulocochlear Nerve
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| Cranial Nerve #9 | Glossopharyngeal
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| Cranial Nerve #10 | Vagus Nerve
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| Cranial Nerve #11 | Spinal Accessory Nerve
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| Cranial Nerve #12 | Hypoglossal Nerve
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| Olfactory Nerve | Smell
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| Optic Nerve | Vision
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| Oculomotor Nerve | Eyelid & eyeball movement
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| Trochlear Nerve | Innervates superior oblique , turns eye downward and laterally
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| Trigeminal Nerve | Chewing, face & mouth, touch & pain
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| Abducens Nerve | Turms eye laterally
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| Facial Nerve | Controls most facial expressions, secretion of tears & saliva, taste
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| Vestibulocochlear (auditory) Nerve | Hearing, equilibrium, sensation
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| Glossopharyngeal Nerve | taste, senses, carotid, blood pressure
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| Vagus Nerve | senses aortic blood pressure, slows heart rate,stimulates digestive organs, taste
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| Spinal accessory nerve | Controls trapezius, & sternocleidomastoid
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| Hypoglossal Nerve | Controls tongue movements
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| Which cranial nerve governs this function-Controls trapezius? | Spinal accessory
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| Which cranial nerve governs this function-Controls digestive system? | Vagus
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| Which cranial nerve governs this function-Chewing? | Trigeminal
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| Which cranial nerve governs this function-Vision? | Optic
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| Which cranial nerve governs this function-Smell? | Olafactory
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| Which cranial nerve governs this function-Turns eye downward & laterally? | Trochlear
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| Which cranial nerve controls swallowing movements? | Spinal Accessory
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| Which cranial nerve governs facial expressions? | Facial Nerve
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| Which cranial nerve turns eye laterally? | Abducens
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| Which cranial nerve governs hearing? | Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)
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| Which cranial nerve turns eye downward & laterally? | Trochlear
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| Which cranial nerve governs eyeball & eyelid movement? | Oculomotor
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| Which cranial nerve governs smell? | Olafactory
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| Which cranial nerve governs eye movements? | Hypoglossal
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| Which cranial nerve senses carotid blood pressure? | Glossopharyngeal
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| Which cranial nerve governs sternocleidomastoid? | Spinal Accessory
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| Produce myelin in Peripheral Nervous System? | Schwann Cells
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| Diaphragm contracts (upon stimulation by phrenic nerve) and lowers, drawing in air. What process is this? | Inhalation
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| Diaphragm/Intercostals relax. What process is this? | Exhalaton
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| Saliva contains amylase for beginning digestion of? | Carbohydrates
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| Saliva released upon? | Parasympathetic innervation
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| Parotid, submandibular, sublingual? | Major salivary glands
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| What juice contains enzymes to break down fats, carbohydrates and protein? | Pancreatic
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| What organ secretes bile through bile duct into duodenum? | LIver
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| What emulsifies fats? | Bile
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| What is protein converted to? | Amino acids
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| What is breaking down molecules into smaller elements (releases energy)? | Catabolism
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| What is anabolism? | Building up molecules from smaller elements (requires energy)
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| What is Micturition? | Urinating
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| What is deglutition? | Swallowing
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