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Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 28

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Term
Definition
Significance
Time
Chapter
Region
Akbar   Babur's grandson; second ruler of the Mughal Empire as the successor of Babur   His military campaigns consolidated Mughal power in Gujarat and Bengal; Destroyed Vijayanagar; Laid the foundations for later Mughal expansion in south India; Religiously tolerant   show 28   Northern India  
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Mehmed II: Mehmed the Conqueror   An Ottoman ruler and conqueror who helped establish the Ottoman empire   show Reigned from 1451-1481   28   East Mediterranean/Byzantine region  
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Shah Ismail   show Seized control of the Iranian plateau; launched expeditions into the Caucasus, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Central Asia   Reigned from 1501-1524   28   Iranian Plateau  
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Akbar's Divine Faith   Akbar's monotheistic syncretic faith that emphasized loyalty to the emperor while borrowing ideas from differetn religions like Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, and mostly Islam   show Created in 1582   28   Northern India  
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show Capital of the Ottoman empire; New name of Constantinople after it was conquered by Mehmed II   Big commercial center and very prosperous; Housed government offices and meeting places for imperial councils; Withheld the most sacred possessions of the empire   Established 1453; Still exists today   28   Northwestern Anatolia  
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Taj Mahal   show Most famous of the Mughal monuments; One of the most prominent of all Islamic edifices   Built between 1632 and 1649; Still stands today   28   Northern India  
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The Printing Press   A machine that transfers images onto paper or similar material that spread from Spain through the Ottoman empire and even to Mughal India, however the Muslim scholars and readers preferred the elegant handwritten books over the cheaply printed books   The Ottoman were able to publish books in their own languages; Jesuit missionaries in Gao were able to publish books, including translations of the Bible into Indian and Arabic languages   Began spreading late 15th century   28   show
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Ottoman   A powerful Turkish empire   1326-Captured Bursa; 1352-Fortress of Gallipoli; 1453-Constantinople; Conquests of Mediterranean region; Early 1500s-Syria and Egypt; 1534- Bagdad and Tigris and Euphrates; 1521-Belgrade; 1526-Hungary; Became a major naval power; Spread Islamic culture   Lasted from 1453-1918   28   show
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Aurangzeb   A ruler of the Mughal empire who led the Mughal empire to reach its greatest extent   Pushed Mughal authority deep into southern India, therefore enbling the Mughals to rule almost the entire subcontinent of India; Was not religiously tolerant; Demolished Hindu temples and re-established the jizya on HIndus   Reigned from 1659-1707   show Southern India  
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Osman   Founder of the Ottoman empire, chief of a band of seminomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Anatolia, and more than anything seeked to become ghazi (Muslim religious warriors)   show Lived from 1258 - 1326 CE   Ch. 28   Northwestern Anatolia  
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Suleyman the Magnificent   One of the rulers of the Ottoman empire; Significantly expanded the empire in southwest Asia and Europe, conquered and captured others; turned empire into major naval power   Contributed to the extreme success of the empire and under his rule Ottoman imperialism reached a high point   Reigned from 1520 - 1566   show Southwest Asia and Europe  
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Babur   Founder of the Mughal empire; a Chagati Turk who claims descent from Chinggis Khan and Tamerlane; wanted to be nothing more than an adventurer and soldier of fortune   Set up the backbone for the Mughal Empire to expand and succeed; captured Delhi; built an empire stretching from Kabul through Punjab to the borders of Bengal   Lived from 1483 - 1530 CE   Ch. 28   show
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Shah Abbas the Great   show By moving the capital to the central location of Isfahan, trade with others occurred more frequently; followed "slaves of the royal household" which increased use of gunpowder and provided protection; many victories were celebrated; extreme expansion   Reigned from 1588 - 1629   Ch. 28   Persia  
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show Branch of Islam that stressed that there were twelve perfect religious leaders after Muhammad and that the twelfth went into hiding and would return someday   Helped recruit nomadic Turkish tribes to move into the area; brought popular support from qizilbash   post-Mongol era   Ch. 28   Persia  
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Isfahan   Made the capital of the Safavid empire by Shah Abbas; contained markets, the palace, the royal mosque surrounding a polo field and public square; avenues and bridges connected the city to the suburbs   Benefitted the Safavid empire in that it provided a more central location with more trading; one of the most magnificent urban architectural development in the world; people brag that "Isfahan is hald the world" even today   Established as Safavid capital during the reign of Shah Abbas (1588 - 1629)   Ch. 28   show
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Fatehpur Sikri   A capital city planned and built by Akbar; included mint, records office, treasury, and audience hall; also served as a private residence for the ruler including exquisite pleasure palaces   Commemorated Akbar's conqust of Gujarat; showed Akbar's strength and imperial ambition; allowed Akbar relaxation to listen to music and converse with poets and scholars; demonstarted Mughal piety and devotion   show Ch. 28   Persia  
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Piri Reis   The Ottoman admiral and cartographer who made some large-scale maps and a navigational book, the Book of Seafaring, that drew on reports and maps from European explorers; maps include Atlantic coast of North America and lands visited by Colombus   Helped the Ottomans observe the enemy and obtain knowledge of geography; consulted a copy of a chart drawn by Christopher Colombus while on his first journey to the western hemisphere   The Sixteenth Century   Ch. 28   show
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Mughal Empire   An empire created by Babur followed by the reign of Aknar and Aurangzeb   Promoted Islam, experimented with the mixture of Hindus and Muslims; destroyed Vjayanager which laid Mughal foundation; led to creation of "divine faith"   show Ch. 28   Persia (FRom Kabul through Punjab to the borders of Bengal)  
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Safavids   Turkish; Shah Ismail's family; named after the holy man Shah Ismail himself; Practiced Twelver Shiism   Conquered Persia and Mesopotamia   1501-1722   Ch. 28   show
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Battle of Chaldiran   When the Sunni Ottomans persecuted the Shiite Safavids throughout the Ottoman empire   The Ottomans were able to damage the Safavid empire badly, but could not destroy it, causing intermittent conflict for the next two centuries   1514   show Tabriz  
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show Autocratic(emperors emposed will on state); Problems with royal succession; Ottoman rulers could legally kill their brothers after taking the throne   Safavids engaged in murderous struggles for throne; Corruption   Late 1500s   Ch. 28   (blank)  
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Tobacco   Imports popular; English merchants introduced; useful for medical reasons   show 1600   Ch. 28   Europe and Asia  
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Qizilbash   "Red Hats"; Ismail's father had instructed his followers to wear a distinctive hat with 12 pleats in memory of the 12 Shiite imams; Believed Ismail would make them invincible in battle, so became loyal to Safavid cause   Attacked the Ottoman line and suffered devastating casualties in Battle of Chaldiran   (blank)   Ch. 28   show
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Ghazi   show Ottomans sought to be renounced as "ghazis"   1501-1722   Ch. 28   (blank)  
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Safi al-Din   show His famous shrine and tomb became the home of the Safavids, the headquarters of Shah Ismail's religious movement, and the center of a deliberate conspiracy to win political power for Shah Ismail's descendants   1252-1334   Ch. 28   northwestern Persia  
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