USMLE Step 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Clostridium tetani | blocks the release of the inhibitory NTs glycine & GABA in interneurons of the spinal cord; causes 'lockjaw', risus sardonicus, opisthotonos & tetanic paralysis of respiratory muscles
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| Clostridium botulinum | blocks the release of ACh at NMJs; causes antiCh sxs, CNS paralysis (flaccid muscles), constipation; spores found in canned food, honey causes floppy baby, most potent exotoxin
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| Corynebacterium diphtheria | inactivates EF-2 by ADP ribosylation which - protein synthesis; causes pharyngitis & 'pseudomembrane' in throat, then binds to heart & neural tissue, myocarditis w/ arrhythmias or circulatory collapse, paralysis of pharyngeal muscles & peripheral neuritis
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| Staphylococcus aureus' alpha toxin | creates holes in cell membrane, allowing easy transit of substances into and out of the cell to yield eventual cell death, causes marked necrosis of skin and hemolysis
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| Clostridium perfringens | alpha toxin is a lecithinase; causes gas gangrene; get double zone of hemolysis on bld agar
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| Staphylococcus aureus (Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin) | superantigen that binds to MHC-2 protein (antigen-presenting cells) & T-cell receptor, inducing IL-1 & IL-2 synthesis in TSS; also causes food poisoning, induces cytokines like IL-1, causes fever, rash, desquamation, diarrhea, hypoTN then shock
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| Vibrio cholerae | binds gangliosides (glycolipids line outer layer of plasma membranes) in intestinal cell; + Gs protein -> + adenylate cyclase -> overprod of cAMP -> secretion of Cl ions & H2O -> massive watery diarrhea w/o WBCs, voluminous rice-water stool
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| Bordetella pertussis | + adenylate cyclase by ADP ribosylation; causes whooping cough; - chemokine receptor, causing lymphocytosis, also - ciliary movement by binding onto respiratory tract epithelial cells and lymphocytes = copious mucus
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
jerrica_08
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