medically related to the CPC
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| collagen | a protein that connects and supports other bodily tissues
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| epithelium | membranous tissue that lines the internal organs, cavities, and surfaces of structures throughout the body
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| melanin | a pigment that gives the skin and hair their natural color
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| stratum corneum | a layer of dead cells in the epidermis that forms a barrier to retain moisture
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| subcutaneous tissue | the deepest layer of the skin, which contains fat cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves
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| Alopecia | loss of hair from the head or body
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| erythema | abnormal redness of the skin due to dilation of blood vessels
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| furuncle | a boil filled with pus originating in a gland or hair follicle
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| melanoma | a malignant tumor of the skin (skin cancer).
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| nevus | a pigment lesion of the skin that is usually benign, such as a birthmark or mole
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| BCC | Basal Cell Carcinoma
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| MM | Malignant Melanoma
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| SC | Subcutaneous
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| SCC | Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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| UVR | Ultraviolet Radiation
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| bones | form the skeleton, which provides structure and support for the body, and protects vital organs, and stores nutriants.
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| Ligaments | strong bands of connective tissue that binds bones together at the joints
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| tendons | bands of fibrous connective tissue connecting a muscle to a bone. They act as elastic bands, allowing body movement
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| Muscles | are the contractile tissue of the body whose primary function is to provide power. They also provide form and heat for the body
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| joints | are the locations where two or more bones make contact
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| clavicle | collar bone
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| deltoid | muscle covering the shoulder joint. Provides rotation, extention, and flexibility of the arm.
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| maxilla | bones that support on either side of the upper jaw the cheek teeth and canines
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| soleus | broad flat muscles located in the back of the calf which provides and controls postural stability
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| sternum | breast bone, located in the center of the thorax (chest)
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| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa (sm. fluid-filled sacs that ease friction between tendons and bones) resulting in swelling and pain
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| crepitation | grating, clicking, rattling, or crackling sound produced by rubbing of bone fragments
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| effusion | an abnormal collection of fluid in various spaces of the body (example: the knee)
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| Kyphosis | hunch-back; this is the abnormal backward curve of the vertebral column
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| torticollis | stiff neck; spasms in the neck muscles causing the head to tilt to one side, making it difficult to rotate the head
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| DJD | Degenerative Joint Disease
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| FROM | full range of motion
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| MS | Musculoskeletal
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| OA | Osteoarthritis
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| bronchi | large hallow air passages that carry air into the lungs
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| diaphragm | a sheet of muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage and separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
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| Glottis | the true vocal cords and the opening between them
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| nasopharynx | the area of the upper throat that lies behind the nose
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| oropharynx | the area of the throat that is at the back of the mouth
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| asbestosis | a chronic inflammatory lung disease caused by the inhaling of asbestos particles
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| emphysema | a chronic, irreversible disease of the lungs whereby the small air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs become damaged, resulting in decreased respiratory function
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| nasopharyngitis | "common cold" it is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the membranes around the lungs, resulting in fever, coughing, and difficulty breathing
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| pneumothorax | air outside the ling and within the chest cavity, resulting in collapse of the lung
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| CLD | Chronic Lung Disease
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| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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| CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Presure
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| OLB | Open Lung Biopsy
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| RAD | Reactive Airway Disease
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| Aorta | a large artery that carried oxygen-enriched blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries
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| Atrium | The upper chanber of each half of the heart
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| Mitral valve | "Bicuspid valve"; the mitral valve separates the two chambers on the left side of the heart; it prevents blood from backing up into the atrium and the lungs
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| Tricuspid valve | A valve with three cusps located between the right atrium and right ventricle; it prevents the backflow of blood into the right atrium
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| ventricle | the lower pumping chambers of the heart
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| angina | pain in the heart from unsufficient flow of blood to the heart muscle
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| Cerebrovascular accident | "stroke"; a blood vessel or clot (thrombus) in the brain that deprives the brin tissue of oxygen
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| Endocarditis | An infection of one of the four heart valves
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| Myocardial infarction | the death of heart tissue due to lack of oxygen for a extended period
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| Transichemic attack | "mini-strokes"; caused when a small blood clot blocks an artery to the brain for a short period
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| BMI | body mass index
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| CAD | Coronary Artery Disease
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| CVA | Cerebrovascular Accident
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| RRR | Regular Rate and Rhythm (heart)
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| TIA | transient Ischemic Attack
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| Axillary lymph nodes | Lymph nodes located in the armpit that drain the lymph channels from the breast
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| Bone marrow | the soft and spongy tissue that fills the cavities of the bones
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| Cisterna chyli | the origin of the thoracic duct
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| Lymph | A transparent, watery bodily fluid containing white blood cells
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| Thoracic duct | a major duct of the lymphatic system that drains lymph from the entire body (with the exception of the right upper quadrant) and returns it to the left subclavian vein
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| Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome | a disease by which an unusualy high number of white blood cells accumulate in the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, leading to enlargement of these organs
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| Castleman's disease | benign tumors that develop in the lymph node tissue at a single site or throughout the body
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| Lymphadenitis | inflammation of the lymph nodes
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| lymphatic falariasis | a parasitic disease caused by microscopic worms in the lymph system
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| Mesenteric lymphadenitis | Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the membrane that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall
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| ALPS | Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
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| CD | Castleman's Disease
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| LAG | Lymphangiogram
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| LN | Lymph Node
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| PLND | Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection
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| Small intestine | divided into three sections: duodenum (first third), Jejunum (second third), and ileum (distal third)
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| Large intestine | begins at the iliac region of the pelvis and consists of four portions: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid or pelvic colon
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| Ancillary organs | include: Pancreas, which produces digestive enzymes that are secreted into the intestines; the liver, which produces bile( a digestive juice), and the gallbladder, which store and secretes bile to help the body digest fats
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| Cecum | a blind sac that opens into the colon
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| Duodenum | the first part of the small intestione, extending from the stomach to the jejunum, which breaks down food
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| esophagus | the tubular portion of the digestive tract that connects the mouth to the stomach
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| Ileum | The longest portion of the small intestine responsible for digestion and the absorption of nutrients
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| jejunum | the part of the small intestine that connects the duodenum and ileum
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| Crohn's disease | an inflammation of the gastrointestional tract (from the mouth to the anus) most commonly affecting the lower part of the small intestine
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| Dyspepsia | "indigestion"; the feeling of fullness during a meal and/or uncomfortable fullness after a meal accompanied by burning or pain in the upper abdomen
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| Gastroparesis | a disorder of the stomach that causes the stomach to take too long to empty, resulting in bacterial overgrowth from the fermentation of the food and in some cases the hardening of the food, which may cause an obstruction
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| Helicobacter pylori | a spiral-shaped bacterium in the stomach that damages the stomach, causing inflammation and peptic ulcers
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| Stomach ucler | an open sore or erosion in the lining of the stomach
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| HSM | Hepatosplenomegaly
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| LFT | Liver Function Test
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| GERD | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
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| GIST | Gastrointestional Stromal Tumor
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| IBS | Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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| kidneys | filter waste products from the blood; they also regulate blood pressure by maintaining a steady level of electrolytes
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| Ureter | is a tube leading away from the kidney to the urinary bladder, whose function is the movement of urine
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| bladder | is to store and release urine
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| urethra | the tube through which urine passes when emptying the bladder
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| female reproductive system | is divided into two parts; external and internal. the external part of the reproductive system consists of the vulva, the mons pubis, labia and clitoris. The internal organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
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| Male reproductive system | divided into two parts. The external organs include the penis and scrotum. the internal organs include the vas deferens, testes, and seminal vesicles. The primary function of the reproductive system, whether male or female, is to produce offspring
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| Epididymis | tightly coiled tubes attached to the top of the testis, where sperm is stored during maturation
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| Fallopian tube | a tube through which the eggs from the ovary pass to the uterus
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| labia majora | the outer folds of skin (lips) that cover and protect the female genitalia
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| labia minora | the smaller inside folds of skin (lips) located between the labia majora and the external genitalia
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| ovary | the female reproductive organ that contains the eggs necessary for reproduction and produces estrogen and progesterone
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| prepuce | the foreskin or sheath of skin that covers the penis
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| prostate gland | the male sex gland that produces a fluid that forms part of the semen
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| testes | the male reproductive glands located in the scrotum that produce testosterone and sperm
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| vas deferens | the ducts by which sperm passes from the testis to the urethra
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| Amenorrhea | the absence of menstruation in a woman of reproductive age; not related to menopause
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| benign prostatic hypertrophy | swelling or enlargement of the prostate gland
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| Cryptochidism | "hidden testicle"; the failure of one or more of the testes to descend into the scrotum
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| Dysmenorrhea | painful menstrual periods
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| Dysuria | Painful or difficult unrination
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| Endometriosis | the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus (endometrium) becomes implanted outside the uterus.
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| Hematuria | the presence of blood in the urine
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| Hydrocele | a fluid-filled sac surrounding the testis, resulting in swelling on the side of the scrotum
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| Kidney stones | also known as calculus of the kidney; hard, solid pellets that form in the urinary tract
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| Menorrhagia | Heavy menstrual period with excessive bleeding
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| Polycystic kidney disease | a genetic disorder of the kidneys by which numerous fluid-filled cysts form in the kidneys
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| testicular torsion | the spermatic cord gets twisted around the testicle, cutting off the supply of blood to the testicle
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| varicocele | dilated and twisted veins of the testis
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| vulvovaginitis | an inflammation of the vulva and vagina; commonly caused by irritating substances (bubble bath) or poor hygiene
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| CKD | Chronic Kidney Disease
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| CX | Cervix
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| DRE | Digital Rectal Examination
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| DUB | Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
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| ED | Erectile Dysfunction
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| ESRD | End Stage Renal Disease
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| GU | Genitourinary
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| HPV | Human Papillomavirus
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| HRT | Hormone Replacement Therapy
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| IVP | Intravenous Pyelogram
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| KUB | kidneys, ureters, bladder
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| PID | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
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| PSA | Prostate Specific Antigen
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| STD | sexually transmitted disease
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| UTI | urinary tract infection
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| Hypothalamus | part of the brain located above the pituitary gland that connects the endocrine system to the nervous system and is responsible for regulating the release of hormones, body temp., food intake, and sleep
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| parathyroid gland | small glands located within the lobe of the thyroid that control the supply of calcium to the body
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| pineal gland | a small endocrine gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which assists with the regulation of wake/sleep cycles
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| Thymus gland | plays an important role in the development of the immune system. The thymus gland decreases in size as we age.
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| thyroid gland | one of the largest endocrine glands in the body, it helps to regulate growth and metabolism
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| Diabetes | inability to produce or metabolize the hormone insulin, resulting in high glucose levels, frequent urination and excessive thirst.
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| Gestational diabetes | the elevation of blood glucose during pregnancy
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| Hyperglycemia | excess glucose in the blood
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| hypothyroidism | an underactive thyroid causing a reduced metabolic rate, tiredness, and lethargy
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| DM | Diabetes Mellitus
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| GH | Growth Hormone
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| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test
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| HGH | Human Growth Hormone
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| TSH | Thyroid-stimulating Hormone
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| Brachial plexus | A network of nerves originating from the neck and running down to the shoulder, arm, hand and fingers
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| Cerebellum | a portion of the brain located in the back of the head responsible for the coordination of movement and balance
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| obturator nerve | arises from the ventral division of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves
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| peripheral nervous system | outside of the central nervous system, but connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs
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| Spinal cord | a long thin tube like structure of nervous tissue that travels from the base of the skull down the back. its function is to carry messages from the brain to the rest of the body.
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| Alzheimer's disease | a progressive degenerative brain disease that alters the brain, causing impaired memory, thinking, and behavior
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| Cerebral palsy | loss or deficiency of motor control caused by brain damage before birth or during infancy
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| Epilepsy | a disorder of the central nervous system in which abnormal electrical activity in the brain causes seizures and blackouts
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| Meningitis | an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain (meninges)
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| Multiple sclerosis | A slowly progressive disease of the brain and spinal cord resulting in difficulties with coordination and speech, impaired mobility, and disability
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| ANS | Autonomic Nervous System
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| CNS | Central Nervous System
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| CP | Cerebral Palsy
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| EEG | Electroencephalogram
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| PNS | Peripheral Nervous System
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| Choroid | the middle layer of the eye consisting of blood vessels that furnish nourishment to other parts of the eye
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| Conjunctiva | The mucous membrane that covers the eyeball and the undersurface of the eyelid
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| Optic nerve | the cable that connects the eye to the brain
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| Retina | a thin membrane covering the back of the eyeball that converts optical images to electrical impulses, which are sent along the optic nerve to the brain
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| Sclera | the white of the eye that serves as a protective outer layer for the eye
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| Blepharitis | Inflammation of the eyelids
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| Cataract | Clouding of the natural lens of the eye
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| Chalazion | a sebaceous cyst of the eyelid
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| Nystagmus | Rapid involuntary movement of the eye
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| Strabismus | "crossed eyes"; this is the abnormal alignment of one or both eyes
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| OD | Right eye
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| OL | Left eye
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| OKN | Optokinetic nystagmus
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| OU | Both eyes
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| VA | visual acuity
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| Cochlea | A snail shaped tube in the inner ear.
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| Eustachian tube | One of a pair of tubes that connects the middle ear to the nasopharnyx, allowing for the passage of air
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| malleus | a hammer shaped bone in the middle ear that transmits the sound vibration from the eardrum to the incus
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| tympanic membrane | the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound
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| vestibule | the central cavity of hte ear (the middle part of the inner ear)
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| acoustic neuroma | a slow growing benign tumor located in the hearing canal
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| meniere's disease | a disorder of the inner ear causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss
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| otitis externa | inflammation of the external ear
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| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear; this is most common in children
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| tinnitus | a noise that originates within the ear, such as a ringing in the ear
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| AD | right ear
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| AI | left ear
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| AU | both ears
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| MD | Meniere's Disease
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| OM | Otitis media
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| Plasma | The clear yellowish fluid portion of the blood in which the red blood cells, white blood cells, and plates are suspended
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| red blood cells | the most common type of blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body tissues
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| serum | the clear liquid that can be separated from the clotted blood
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| White blood cells | The primary function of white blood cells is to fight off infection
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| hemophilia | a hereditary disorder whereby the blood does not clot normally, resulting in uncontrolled bleeding
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| Leukemia | malignant neoplasm of the blood-forming tissue (bone marrow), causing the abnormal development of white blood cells
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| sepsis | an infection in the blood caused by the spread of bacteria or toxins via the bloodstream
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| sickle cell disease | a genetic disorder whereby the blood cells form a crescent shape that results to chronic anemia
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| thalassemia | an inherited form of anemia resulting in the inability to create enough hemoglobin (the red blood cell protein that carries oxygen to the body)
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| CBC | Complete blood count
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| PA | Pernicious anemia
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| RBC | red blood cell
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| SCD | sickle cell disease
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| WBC | white blood cell
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| antibodies | proteins made by the body to neutralize or destroy foreign substances
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| immunodeficiency | the inability of the immune system to fight of infectious diseases
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| interferon | proteins released by cells to stimulate the immune response
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| lymphocyte | a type of white blood cell thatproduces antibodies
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| monocyte | large circulating white blood cells formed in the bone marrow that fight against fungi and bacteria
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| allergies | an overreaction of the immune system to a substance or allergen
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| anaphylaxis | a severe and rapid allergic reaction that can become life threatening
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| autoimmune disease | a disease caused when the body's own immune system acts against itself
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| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | A virus that causes failure of the immune system by infecting and destroying helper T cells of the immune systems
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| Rheumatoid arthritis | an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints
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| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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| IBD | Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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| RA | Rheumatoid Arthritis
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| SCID | Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (disorder)
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| SLE | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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|
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