Vocabulary list Ch. 5 Digestive System
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| absorption | passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the blood stream
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| amino acids | building blocks of proteins and produced when proteins are digested
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| amylase | enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
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| anus | opening of the digective tract to the outside of the body
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| appendix | blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the RLQ). It literally means hanging
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| bile | Digestive juice made in the liver stored in the gallbladder
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| bilirubin | pigment released by the liver in bile
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| bowel | intestine
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| canine teeth | pointed, dog-like (canine) teeth, next to (distal to) the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth
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| cecum | first part of the large intestine
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| colon | large intestine (cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colon, and rectum)
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| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
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| defecation | expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus
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| deglutition | swallowing
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| dentin | major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root
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| digestion | breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
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| duodenum | first part of the small intestine duo=2 den=10, 12 inches long
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| elimination | removal of waste material from the body
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| emulsification | physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thus increasing the surface area that enzyme can use to digest fat
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| enamel | hard, outermost layer of a tooth
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| enzyme | a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes help the breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods
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| esophagus | tube containing the throat to the stomach. Eso-means inward; phag/o means swallowing
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| fatty acids | substances produced when fats are digested
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| feces | solid wastes; stools
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| gallbladder | small sac under the liver; stores bile
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| glucose | simple sugar
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| glycogen | starch; glucose is stored in the form og gylcogen in lever cells
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| hydrochloric acid | substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food
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| ileum | third part of the small intestine
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| incisor | one of four front teeth in the dental arch
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| insulin | hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. it transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
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| jejunum | second part of the small intestine.
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| lipase | pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
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| liver | a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. Secrets bile, stores sugar,iron,vitamins,produces blood proteins, destroys wornout red blood cells.
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| lower esophagus sphincter (LES) | ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach
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| mastication | chewing
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| molar teeth | sixth, seventh, and eigth teeth from the middle on either side of dental arch
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| palate | roof of the mouth, the hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate
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| pancreas | organ udner the stomach, produces insulin and enzymes
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| papillae | small elevations on the tongue
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| parotid gland | salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
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| peristalsis | rhythm like contractions of the tubes of GI tracct, and other tubular structures
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| pharynx | throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose
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| portal vein | large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestine
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| protease | enzymes that digest protein
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| pulp | soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
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| pyloric sphincter | ring muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum
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| rectum | last section of the colon
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| rugae | ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
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| saliva | digestive juice produced by salivary glands
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| salivary glands | parotid, siblingual and submandibular glands
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| sigmoid colon | lower part of the colon; shaped like an S
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| sphincter | ring of muscle fibers that contricts a passage or closes a natural opening
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| stomach | muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.fundus-proximal section, body-middle, antrum-distal section
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| triglycerides | large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol
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| uvula | soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth
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| villi | microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
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