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Vocab list Digestive
Vocabulary list Ch. 5 Digestive System
| term | what is it |
|---|---|
| absorption | passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the blood stream |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins and produced when proteins are digested |
| amylase | enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch |
| anus | opening of the digective tract to the outside of the body |
| appendix | blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the RLQ). It literally means hanging |
| bile | Digestive juice made in the liver stored in the gallbladder |
| bilirubin | pigment released by the liver in bile |
| bowel | intestine |
| canine teeth | pointed, dog-like (canine) teeth, next to (distal to) the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth |
| cecum | first part of the large intestine |
| colon | large intestine (cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colon, and rectum) |
| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum |
| defecation | expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| dentin | major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root |
| digestion | breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms |
| duodenum | first part of the small intestine duo=2 den=10, 12 inches long |
| elimination | removal of waste material from the body |
| emulsification | physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thus increasing the surface area that enzyme can use to digest fat |
| enamel | hard, outermost layer of a tooth |
| enzyme | a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes help the breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods |
| esophagus | tube containing the throat to the stomach. Eso-means inward; phag/o means swallowing |
| fatty acids | substances produced when fats are digested |
| feces | solid wastes; stools |
| gallbladder | small sac under the liver; stores bile |
| glucose | simple sugar |
| glycogen | starch; glucose is stored in the form og gylcogen in lever cells |
| hydrochloric acid | substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food |
| ileum | third part of the small intestine |
| incisor | one of four front teeth in the dental arch |
| insulin | hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. it transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver |
| jejunum | second part of the small intestine. |
| lipase | pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats |
| liver | a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. Secrets bile, stores sugar,iron,vitamins,produces blood proteins, destroys wornout red blood cells. |
| lower esophagus sphincter (LES) | ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach |
| mastication | chewing |
| molar teeth | sixth, seventh, and eigth teeth from the middle on either side of dental arch |
| palate | roof of the mouth, the hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate |
| pancreas | organ udner the stomach, produces insulin and enzymes |
| papillae | small elevations on the tongue |
| parotid gland | salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear |
| peristalsis | rhythm like contractions of the tubes of GI tracct, and other tubular structures |
| pharynx | throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose |
| portal vein | large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestine |
| protease | enzymes that digest protein |
| pulp | soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels |
| pyloric sphincter | ring muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum |
| rectum | last section of the colon |
| rugae | ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach |
| saliva | digestive juice produced by salivary glands |
| salivary glands | parotid, siblingual and submandibular glands |
| sigmoid colon | lower part of the colon; shaped like an S |
| sphincter | ring of muscle fibers that contricts a passage or closes a natural opening |
| stomach | muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.fundus-proximal section, body-middle, antrum-distal section |
| triglycerides | large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol |
| uvula | soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth |
| villi | microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream |
Created by:
funnykitty24
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