Terminology of the muscles in the body
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| abduction | movement away from the midline of the body
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| adduction | movement toward the midline of the body
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| dorsiflextion | backward bending of the foot
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| extension | straightening of a flexed limb
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| fascia | fibrous membrane seperating and enveloping muscles
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| flaxion | bending at a joint
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| insertion of a muscle | connection of the muscle to a bone that moves
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| origin of a muscle | connection of the muscle to a stationary bone
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| plantar flexion | bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground
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| pronation | turning the palm backwards
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| rotation | circular movement around a central point
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| skeletal muscle | muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle
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| smooth muscle | muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or visceral muscle
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| striated muscle | skeletal muscle
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| supination | turning the palm forward
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| viscearal muscle | smooth muscle
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| muscular dystrophy | a group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system
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| polymyositis | chronic inflammatory myopathy
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| antinuclear antibody test (ANA) | detects an antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | measures the rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube
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| rheumatoid factor test (RF) | serum is tested for presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
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| serum creatine kinase (CK) | measurement of uric acid in serum
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| serum calcium (Ca) | measurement of calcium level in serum
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| uric acid test | measurement of uric acid in serum
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| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space
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| arthrography | process of taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into the joint
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| arthroplasty | surgical repair of a joint
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