The Muscular system-
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| Abduction | away from the midline of the body
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| Adduction | movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
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| Adhension | a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
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| Ataxia | a lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
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| Atonic Atrophy | lacking normal muscle tone or strength
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| Atrophy | weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time.
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| Bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement
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| Carpal tunnel syndrome | swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
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| chronic fatigue syndrome | a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those fibromyalgia syndrome.
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| circumduction | circular movement of a limb
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| contracture | the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.
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| dorsiflexion | bends the foot upward at the ankle
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| dyskinesia | the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as in a tic or spasm
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| dystonia | a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
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| electromyography | a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
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| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues around the elbow; golfer or tennis elbow
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| ergonomics | the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
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| exercise physiologist | a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
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| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia
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| fibromyalgia syndrome | a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse and or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms
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| ganglion cyst | a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
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| heel spur | a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia nears its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis
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| hemiparesis | slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
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| hemiplegia | total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
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| hernia | organ or tissue protruding through the wall or cavity that usually contains it
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| hyperkinesia | abnormally increased muscle function or activity
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| hypotonia | a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
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| impingement syndrome | occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
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| insertion | the point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves
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| intermittent claudication | pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
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| muscular dystrophy | the term used to describe a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
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| myasthenia gravis | chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
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| myocele | the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
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| myoclonus | sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
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| myofascial release | a specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), and carpal tunnel syndrome
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| myolysis | the degeneration of muscle tissue
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| myorrhaphy | the surgical suturing of a muscle wound
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| neuromuscular | pertaining to the relationship between nerve and muscle
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| nocturnal myoclonus | jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep
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| oblique | slanted or at an angle
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| paralysis | the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
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| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
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| physiatrist | a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
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| plantar fasciitis | an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot
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| polymyositis | a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
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| pronation | to turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot
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| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities
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| range of motion testing | diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength
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| sarcopenia | the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging
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| shin splint | a painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
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| singultus | myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm (hiccups)
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| spasmodic torticollis | a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
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| sphincter | circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
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| sprain | an injury in which the ligaments holding bones together are stretched too far and tear.
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| tenodesis | surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
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| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
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| tenolysis | the release of a tendon from adhesions
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| tenorrhaphy | surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
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